How Do You Calculate the Momentum of an Alpha Particle?

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SUMMARY

The discussion focuses on calculating the momentum of an alpha particle with an initial kinetic energy of 10 MeV, which is directed towards a gold nucleus at rest. The initial momentum is derived using the formula P = mv, where the mass of the alpha particle is approximated as 8.8e-27 kg. The participants clarify the importance of using the correct energy unit (MeV vs eV) and discuss the relevance of using p²/2m for collision calculations. The final momentum calculated is approximately 1.96194e-22 kg·m/s.

PREREQUISITES
  • Understanding of kinetic energy calculations using K = 0.5 * m * v²
  • Familiarity with momentum calculations using p = m * v
  • Knowledge of particle physics, specifically alpha particles and their composition
  • Basic understanding of unit conversions between electronvolts and joules
NEXT STEPS
  • Research the implications of using p²/2m in collision physics
  • Study the properties and calculations related to alpha particles in nuclear physics
  • Learn about energy unit conversions, particularly between MeV and eV
  • Explore the significance of significant figures in scientific calculations to minimize roundoff errors
USEFUL FOR

Students studying physics, particularly those focusing on nuclear physics and momentum calculations, as well as educators looking for clarification on energy and momentum concepts in particle interactions.

flyboy9
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Homework Statement


An alpha particle (a helium nucleus, containing 2 protons and 2 neutrons) starts out with kinetic energy of 10 MeV (10*10^6 eV), and heads in the +x direction straight toward a gold nucleus (containing 79 protons and 118 neutrons). The particles are initially far apart, and the gold nucleus is initially at rest. Answer the following questions about the collision.
What is the initial momentum of the alpha particle? (You may assume its speed is small compared to the speed of light).


Homework Equations


1 ev=1.69e-19 J= 1.69e-19 kg*m2/s2
K=.5*m*v2
p=m*v
mproton=mneutron=1.7e-27 kg

The Attempt at a Solution


I solved for velocity of the particle then multiplied it by its mass to find momentum.
10*1.69e-19=.5*m*v2
3.38e-18=8.8e-27*v2
497058823.5=v2
22294.81607=v

P=mv
P=8.8e-27*22294.81607
P=1.96194e-22
 
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um, yeh. It seems correct.
 
i thought so too... maybe the online program has the wrong answer.
 
10 Mega-eV ...
 
lightgrav said:
10 Mega-eV ...

what about it?
 
the solution you posted started with 10 eV , not 10 MeV ... Mega = 1 000 000 .
 
lightgrav said:
the solution you posted started with 10 eV , not 10 MeV ... Mega = 1 000 000 .

I would have never caught that. Thank you. The process seems correct to you?
 
the PROCESS looks okay, but where did you get m = 8.8e-27 kg ?

by the way, p^2 /2m is USUALLY more useful than ½mv^2 ... especially in collisions !
 
lightgrav said:
the PROCESS looks okay, but where did you get m = 8.8e-27 kg ?

by the way, p^2 /2m is USUALLY more useful than ½mv^2 ... especially in collisions !

I used numbers in the back of our book that our homework is based off of
 
  • #10
proton mass is 1.673 e-27kg ... only keeping 2 digits leads to severe roundoff error.

But I was asking "what computation did you use" which yielded that as the answer.
... it is a "leading" question
 
  • #11
lightgrav said:
proton mass is 1.673 e-27kg ... only keeping 2 digits leads to severe roundoff error.

But I was asking "what computation did you use" which yielded that as the answer.
... it is a "leading" question
This homework which is based off of our book only uses 2 significant digits for mass of proton and neutron.
total mass = 4*1.7e-27
= 6.8e-27

I apologize for the typo earlier as well.
 
Last edited:

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