An Australian response to Intelligent Design

  • Thread starter Thread starter marcus
  • Start date Start date
  • Tags Tags
    Design Response
AI Thread Summary
Victoria's Education Minister Lynne Kosky has declared that intelligent design will be treated as a religious belief rather than a scientific theory in government schools. This decision aligns with the principle of secular education, allowing schools to offer intelligent design only in the context of religious instruction, with parents having the option to withdraw their children from such classes. A coalition of 70,000 Australian scientists and educators has criticized intelligent design, equating it to outdated theories like the flat-earth model. The discussion highlights a broader debate about the intersection of science and religion, with proponents of intelligent design arguing for its inclusion in science curricula, while critics assert that it lacks empirical support and should not be taught as science. The conversation reflects ongoing tensions between scientific evidence and faith-based beliefs, emphasizing the need for clear distinctions in educational settings.
  • #51
I had to quit reading that, ZZ. My lunch was starting to come back.
 
Physics news on Phys.org
  • #52
Danger said:
I had to quit reading that, ZZ. My lunch was starting to come back.

Then maybe you could hang on to your lunch by reading this next...

http://news.yahoo.com/s/ap/20051104/ap_on_sc/vatican_science

Zz.
 
Last edited by a moderator:
  • #53
That was quite refreshing, Zapper. Of course the 'creator' thing still implies supernatural intervention, but at least they're trying to strike a balance.
 
  • #54
Moonbear said:
Abiogenesis is not part of evolutionary theory, it is a separate line of research, and certainly does have a good deal of controversy surrounding it. It really can best be described as "one way" life could have started, but we have no direct evidence it is correct. Anyone promoting it as part of evolutionary theory is just plain wrong.

I know. I simply pasted that part of another debate here. The relevance I see is that mechanistic principles start with abiogenesis, so it's also the basis of the natural selection-genetic variation theory. Can mechanics alone achieve all biological forms, and that includes consciousness? That is the bottom-line question I've been saying the science side says "absolutely, positively YES!" when addressing the public and in textbooks. Yet that isn't what's indicated when you demand to see the evidence that supports all that enthusiastic optimism.


Moonbear said:
:cry: . . . Sorry, I think I just need to cry some more. :cry: :cry: :cry: I'm starting to grasp the source of your frustration.

I suspect our tears are for different reasons, but I would like to hear your reasons.
 
  • #55
ZapperZ said:
Then maybe you could hang on to your lunch by reading this next...
http://news.yahoo.com/s/ap/20051104/ap_on_sc/vatican_science
Zz.
What's interesting is that the stage for this was set back in 1950 by Pope Pius XII. At the time, while the Vatican's position was that evolution was still an hypothesis, and it was certainly greeted with much suspicion, he made it clear that dialogue between theologians and scientists should occur...he wasn't really saying theologians should believe science though, more that they need to know what science is teaching. However, he also made it clear that as long as science didn't contradict scripture, and as long as it was viewed cautiously, Catholics could view it as God revealing His truths. It's nice to see the Vatican has kept a more open mind than even the writings of Pope Pius XII ever hinted at.

From:Humani Generis: Encyclical of Pope Pius XII
August 12, 1950

36. For these reasons the Teaching Authority of the Church does not forbid that, in conformity with the present state of human sciences and sacred theology, research and discussions, on the part of men experienced in both fields, take place with regard to the doctrine of evolution, in as far as it inquires into the origin of the human body as coming from pre-existent and living matter - for the Catholic faith obliges us to hold that souls are immediately created by God. However, this must be done in such a way that the reasons for both opinions, that is, those favorable and those unfavorable to evolution, be weighed and judged with the necessary seriousness, moderation and measure, and provided that all are prepared to submit to the judgment of the Church, to whom Christ has given the mission of interpreting authentically the Sacred Scriptures and of defending the dogmas of faith.[11] Some however, rashly transgress this liberty of discussion, when they act as if the origin of the human body from pre-existing and living matter were already completely certain and proved by the facts which have been discovered up to now and by reasoning on those facts, and as if there were nothing in the sources of divine revelation which demands the greatest moderation and caution in this question.

37. When, however, there is question of another conjectural opinion, namely polygenism, the children of the Church by no means enjoy such liberty. For the faithful cannot embrace that opinion which maintains that either after Adam there existed on this Earth true men who did not take their origin through natural generation from him as from the first parent of all, or that Adam represents a certain number of first parents. Now it is no no way apparent how such an opinion can be reconciled with that which the sources of revealed truth and the documents of the Teaching Authority of the Church propose with regard to original sin, which proceeds from a sin actually committed by an individual Adam and which, through generation, is passed on to all and is in everyone as his own.[12]
...
43. Let them strive with every force and effort to further the progress of the sciences which they teach; but let them also be careful not to transgress the limits which We have established for the protection of the truth of Catholic faith and doctrine. With regard to new questions, which modern culture and progress have brought to the foreground, let them engage in most careful research, but with the necessary prudence and caution; finally, let them not think, indulging in a false "irenism," that the dissident and the erring can happily be brought back to the bosom of the Church, if the whole truth found in the Church is not sincerely taught to all without corruption or diminution.
The full text is available at: http://www.vatican.va/holy_father/p.../hf_p-xii_enc_12081950_humani-generis_en.html

Disclaimer: Inclusion of the above is not intended to be an endorsement of any religion or religious teaching, it is included to illustrate an historical perspective of one religion's teachings regarding evolutionary theory in order to demonstrate the difference in what the current Vatican is saying compared with that of over 50 years ago. If anyone finds this offensive to their religion, or lack thereof, please send me a PM and I will delete it.
 
Last edited by a moderator:
  • #56
Les Sleeth said:
I know. I simply pasted that part of another debate here. The relevance I see is that mechanistic principles start with abiogenesis, so it's also the basis of the natural selection-genetic variation theory. Can mechanics alone achieve all biological forms, and that includes consciousness? That is the bottom-line question I've been saying the science side says "absolutely, positively YES!" when addressing the public and in textbooks. Yet that isn't what's indicated when you demand to see the evidence that supports all that enthusiastic optimism.
Actually, that evolution happens, yes, we know. How it has happened, especially speciation events, and all the ways it can happen, that is the area of active research. Unfortunately, I think there is too much reaction to the Creationists and ID proponents and fear that expressing uncertainty will undermine the public's confidence in science that spur scientists to make stronger claims than they should (or to not argue when newspaper headlines say things that aren't quite right).

Just an example, from a recent issue of the journal Evolution:
Arndt Telschow, Peter Hammerstein, and John H. Werren. THE EFFECT OF WOLBACHIA VERSUS GENETIC INCOMPATIBILITIES ON REINFORCEMENT AND SPECIATION. 59: 1607–1619, 2005

ABSTRACT
Wolbachia is a widespread group of intracellular bacteria commonly found in arthropods. In many insect species, Wolbachia induce a cytoplasmic mating incompatibility (CI). If different Wolbachia infections occur in the same host species, bidirectional CI is often induced. Bidirectional CI acts as a postzygotic isolation mechanism if parapatric host populations are infected with different Wolbachia strains. Therefore, it has been suggested that Wolbachia could promote speciation in their hosts. In this article we investigate theoretically whether Wolbachia-induced bidirectional CI selects for premating isolation and therefore reinforces genetic divergence between parapatric host populations. To achieve this we combined models for Wolbachia dynamics with a well-studied reinforcement model. This new model allows us to compare the effect of bidirectional CI on the evolution of female mating preferences with a situation in which postzygotic isolation is caused by nuclear genetic incompatibilities (NI). We distinguish between nuclear incompatibilities caused by two loci with epistatic interactions, and a single locus with incompatibility among heterozygotes in the diploid phase. Our main findings are: (1) bidirectional CI and single locus NI select for premating isolation with a higher speed and for a wider parameter range than epistatic NI; (2) under certain parameter values, runaway sexual selection leads to the increase of an introduced female preference allele and fixation of its preferred male trait allele in both populations, whereas under others it leads to divergence in the two populations in preference and trait alleles; and (3) bidirectional CI and single locus NI can stably persist up to migration rates that are two times higher than seen for epistatic NI. The latter finding is important because the speed with which mutants at the preference locus spread increases exponentially with the migration rate. In summary, our results show that bidirectional CI selects for rapid premating isolation and so generally support the view that Wolbachia can promote speciation in their hosts.
As you can hopefully see from this, neither natural selection nor random mutations are being attributed as the actual causational event of evolution in this case, but instead, a bacterial infection that alters the compatibility of arthropods to mate.

I suspect our tears are for different reasons, but I would like to hear your reasons.
Yes, probably for different reasons, but I can see that a reason you're taking such an anti-science position is that you've been bombarded by incorrect information from people claiming to have the authority to speak on behalf evolutionary biology without fully understanding it themselves. I can see where you're getting the impression that it's more religion than science...when people speak of absolute truths, that's not science and they are not scientists, no matter what their degree states or what they claim. Absolute truths are for religion, evidence and an open-mind about alternative interpretations are required for good science.
 
  • #57
Les Sleeth said:
Neither really. I agree that if ID is an attempt to intellectually satisfy the precepts, descriptions, or predictions of religious dogma’ then it should not be taught as science. I shouldn’t have said anything since I wasn’t prepared to repeat my arguments, and I know the effort in GD seems to be to generally keep things agreeable (politics excepted of course). If you are interested, my arguments can be found in detail in the thread that starts here . . .
https://www.physicsforums.com/showthread.php?t=93364
I didn't jump in until the fourth page here . . .
https://www.physicsforums.com/showthread.php?t=93364&page=4
If I understand your point, you are saying that since science does not explain EVERYTHING that has ever happened, we should entertain religious ideas as much as theoretical, but unproven, ideas based on emperical evidence. If you mean 'we' as people, it comes down to personal choice and since people will do that if they wish with or without your say-so, I hardly see it as a relevant point. If you mean "we" as in scientists and/or students of science, you are so gravely mistaken it's not funny. Non-scientific ideas are not the quarry of the scientific community, otherwise it wouldn't be the scientific community would it?

I also think you misunderstand the point of teaching science to children. It is not to fill their heads with what we believe to be truth. Children are mistaught other things. Children are taught that electrons live in shells around atoms. Children are taught that p = mv. Why are they taught these things? As an entry into science academia, if they should so choose. They are taught the best model they can understand. They are taught that these things are 'theories' not facts. Anything of evolution theory they are taught will aid them should they go on to study evolution. It isn't like French. It isn't like Home Ec. These are things that are taught as they are. Science is taught as something to be.

What is the raison d'etre of evolution? To explain the diversity of life and the commonality of traits. What is the raison d'etre of ID? To defeat scientific materialism and its destructive moral, cultural and political legacies and to replace materialistic explanations with the theistic understanding that nature and human beings are created by God. No-one is saying either are proven 100% - we are saying that one is science and one is not.

Besides, I see no relevance of any of your points to the OP. ID isn't science. It shouldn't be taught as science. You seem to agree. Rejoice.
 
  • #58
I don't know if one can read or get this without site-wide subscription, but if you can, here's another essay one should read.

http://www.sciencemag.org/sciext/globalvoices/

Zz.
 
Last edited by a moderator:
  • #59
ZapperZ said:
I don't know if one can read or get this without site-wide subscription, but if you can, here's another essay one should read.

http://www.sciencemag.org/sciext/globalvoices/

Zz.

Zz- that is a great article- thanks for posting it- you don't need a subscription (unless my school has one that I don't know about).
I should brush up on my spanish and live in Mexico- Seems to be much more open minded then our "ever superior" United States (please read with sarcasm so I don't get flamed). Though, Mexico doesn't have a space program, so I am out of a job...
 
Last edited by a moderator:
  • #60
Norman said:
Zz- that is a great article- thanks for posting it- you don't need a subscription (unless my school has one that I don't know about).
I should brush up on my spanish and live in Mexico- Seems to be much more open minded then our "ever superior" United States (please read with sarcasm so I don't get flamed).

Yeah, but wait till you see the traffic and the smog in Mexico City!

:)

Zz.
 
  • #61
revelator said:
The argument is not that ID should be eliminated from a school's curriculum. Just that it should not be taught as science.
This is the crux, who cares if ID is right.
Wether to teach intelligent design next to evolution as a "science" is completely fallacious .
Science is a process by which laws and theories are testable, but it does not have to be proven beyond a reasonable doubt, as we all know. In fact, there is very little science that does that as El Hombre reiterated.
In other words, science is not a list of laws and/or theories that have been proven. Rather, the requirement is that they are testable. To test an idea, we need to be able to utilize the idea to make a prediction. Many times, the prediction is specified in terms of what will happen if one does a particular experiment. However it can also be that the prediction needs to be specified in terms of an observation that has yet to be made. For example, this prediction could deal with what we might find if we dig in a certain location.
Is the theory of evolution, testable? Yes.
(this prediction could deal with what we might find if we dig in a certain location If macro-evolution has occurred, then we might expect to find certain fossils in certain locations (e.g., fossils would be found in strata from similar dates). If the actual observations match the predicted observations we have evidence in support for the theory. Evolution makes testable predictions regarding that the DNA of related species should be more similar than those that "look" the same but don't have any fossil evidence linking the two. As such, it is testable. Similarly, if the Earth was so old, then we might expect to observe certain values from dating techniques in certain locations. As such, it is testable.)
Thus, what makes evolution scientific is not whether it has been adequately tested but rather whether it is testable. In other words, if the question is whether the theory of evolution is science, then the debate is not over whether the theory of evolution has been "proven beyond a reasonable doubt" but rather whether it is falsifiable. And the answer to the latter is "yes". The theory of evolution is science.
Advocates for intelligent design being taught in the classroom assert that their criticism of evolution is scientific, not religious.
But the intelligent design theory have not yet been subjected to the normal process of scientific experimentation and debate and most importantly, it is not testable. Does it provide a better and easier explanation of of life! Well hell yeah but that does not make it science!
No research supporting the claims of intelligent design has ever been published in any recognized, professional, peer-reviewed scientific journal.
Therefore, question of whether there is an intelligent designer is untestable using the methods of science, and therefore is not a scientific claim and should not be taught in classrooms.
For the record, I believe in Intelligent Design but it needs to remain in the realm of faith and religion, not science.
And to requote El Hombre
Besides, I see no relevance of any of your points to the OP. ID isn't science. It shouldn't be taught as science. You seem to agree. Rejoice
 
Last edited:
  • #62
adrenaline said:
No research supporting the claims of intelligent design has ever been published in any recognized, professional, peer-reviewed scientific journal.

Aside from 1 article a few months ago in a small scientific publication which the editors later said was in error.
 
  • #63
  • #64
adrenaline said:
This is the crux, who cares if ID is right.
Wether to teach intelligent design next to evolution as a "science" is completely fallacious .
Science is a process by which laws and theories are testable, but it does not have to be proven beyond a reasonable doubt, as we all know. In fact, there is very little science that does that as El Hombre reiterated.
In other words, science is not a list of laws and/or theories that have been proven. Rather, the requirement is that they are testable. To test an idea, we need to be able to utilize the idea to make a prediction. Many times, the prediction is specified in terms of what will happen if one does a particular experiment. However it can also be that the prediction needs to be specified in terms of an observation that has yet to be made. For example, this prediction could deal with what we might find if we dig in a certain location.
Is the theory of evolution, testable? Yes.
(this prediction could deal with what we might find if we dig in a certain location If macro-evolution has occurred, then we might expect to find certain fossils in certain locations (e.g., fossils would be found in strata from similar dates). If the actual observations match the predicted observations we have evidence in support for the theory. Evolution makes testable predictions regarding that the DNA of related species should be more similar than those that "look" the same but don't have any fossil evidence linking the two. As such, it is testable. Similarly, if the Earth was so old, then we might expect to observe certain values from dating techniques in certain locations. As such, it is testable.)
Thus, what makes evolution scientific is not whether it has been adequately tested but rather whether it is testable. In other words, if the question is whether the theory of evolution is science, then the debate is not over whether the theory of evolution has been "proven beyond a reasonable doubt" but rather whether it is falsifiable. And the answer to the latter is "yes". The theory of evolution is science.
Advocates for intelligent design being taught in the classroom assert that their criticism of evolution is scientific, not religious.
But the intelligent design theory have not yet been subjected to the normal process of scientific experimentation and debate and most importantly, it is not testable. Does it provide a better and easier explanation of of life! Well hell yeah but that does not make it science!
No research supporting the claims of intelligent design has ever been published in any recognized, professional, peer-reviewed scientific journal.
Therefore, question of whether there is an intelligent designer is untestable using the methods of science, and therefore is not a scientific claim and should not be taught in classrooms.
For the record, I believe in Intelligent Design but it needs to remain in the realm of faith and religion, not science.
And to requote El Hombre
Nice post.

I also believe that life was intellegently designed... to evolve.
 
  • #65
Moonbear said:
Actually, that evolution happens, yes, we know. How it has happened, especially speciation events, and all the ways it can happen, that is the area of active research.

I'll take the blame if I must for not communicating properly. But just from my side of it, I am frustrated that not one single person posting has responded to my objections. I am saying one thing, and you guys answer as though I said something completely different.

There is no question speciation occurs via bacterial infection or natural selection-genetic variation or whatever other influence might cause change. I've never said anything different. What I have said is that there is not enough evidence in any observed adaptive process to warrant the conclusion that adaptiveness can create organs and organisms. Speciation, just like the example you cited, is a breeze to achieve. But how do you conclude from that something as high functioning as a liver could come about through simple adaptation?

The standard answer is, given hundreds of millions of years of gradual changes . . . However, how do you explain the huge numbers of new organs/organisms developed in the 5 to 10 million years of the Cambrian explosion? But I am claiming even if there was enough time there is a more basic problem.

The problem with the purely Darwinistic proposal is exactly the same problem with abiogenesis theory (which is why I included it earlier). In the case of abiogenesis, self-organizing ability is attributed to chemistry which has never been observed. In the case of evolution, simple adaptation hasn't been shown it can build organs. For the most part it has only been shown to help critters with getting laid or not being eaten.

So my point is the quality of the adaptive mechanisms we know haven't been shown anywhere near what they need to be in order to be teaching children that any known adaptive mechanisms have alone "most likely" produced all aspects of all life forms.
Moonbear said:
Wait, wait, I can't resist the irony any longer...irrefutable evidence of evolution occurring via intelligent design: https://www.physicsforums.com/showthread.php?t=97201 Just who expected the intelligent designer to be...human.

It's interesting that you cited genetic engineering because if some sort of universal consciousness has participated in evolution, it almost certainly would had to have done so through an organism's genetics. I've made the point before that just in terms of finding anything in our universe which we know actually has been observed organizing things into high-functioning systems, it is consciousness. Nothing mechanical, however, has ever been observed doing that, yet when the abiogenesis and Darwinist believers site the "most likely' cause of either, guess what they stick in the gap . . . mechanics/physicalness.
El Hombre Invisible said:
If I understand your point, you are saying that since science does not explain EVERYTHING that has ever happened, we should entertain religious ideas as much as theoretical, but unproven, ideas based on emperical evidence. If you mean 'we' as people, it comes down to personal choice and since people will do that if they wish with or without your say-so, I hardly see it as a relevant point. If you mean "we" as in scientists and/or students of science, you are so gravely mistaken it's not funny. Non-scientific ideas are not the quarry of the scientific community, otherwise it wouldn't be the scientific community would it?

That is NOT my point. :cry:
 
Last edited:
  • #66
Les Sleeth said:
I'll take the blame if I must for not communicating properly. But just from my side of it, I am frustrated that not one single person posting has responded to my objections. I am saying one thing, and you guys answer as though I said something completely different.
Frankly, it's not that you aren't communicating your objections properly, it's just that your objections are just plain wrong/irrelevant. At it's most basic, you are arguing that science is not science. But while you may think you understand the theory of evolution, you don't. Heck, even if you do understand it well for a layman, you certainly can't expect to understand it as well as a biologist. Case-in-point:
Speciation, just like the example you cited, is a breeze to achieve. But how do you conclude from that something as high functioning as a liver could come about through simple adaptation?

The standard answer is, given hundreds of millions of years of gradual changes . . . However, how do you explain the huge numbers of new organs/organisms developed in the 5 to 10 million years of the Cambrian explosion?
Well, can't you answer that? [rhetorical: no point in actually going over the whole theory right here, just know that there is an answer and if you want it, you can find it.] It appears to me that based on your lack of knowledge of the explanation, you assume there is no explanation. And based on that, you conclude that science is a faith.

With your line of questioning above, you'll always find questions to which you don't know the answers. You may get an answer that leads you to another question. But after a while, if you stop and turn around, you may find yourself buried 10 steps deep into some very limited issues with the theory. And that massive body of evidence behind you - not the pinhole in front of you - is why scientists accept the theory of evolution.

Les, with the exception of a few bad apples (they exist everywhere), science only claims to have answers when it has answers. Just because you don't know what the reason is, doesn't mean that scientists don't have a reason. Science isn't some grand global conspiracy/cult with which to extract research dollars or destroy religion. Have a little faith (pun intended) in your fellow man.
 
Last edited:
  • #67
russ_watters said:
Frankly, it's not that you aren't communicating your objections properly, it's just that your objections are just plain wrong/irrelevant.

You can usually tell how someone is going to debate you when they start out saying you are “just plain wrong,” and don’t bother to explain how. “I’m right and you are wrong” is about all you managed to say throughout this entire post.
russ_watters said:
At it's most basic, you are arguing that science is not science.

Show me where I said or even implied that. I am arguing science is science, but that in a couple of areas scientism devotees are exaggerating the evidence they have in order to convince the public that science is capable of answering the most important ontological questions about our universe. I have nothing bad to say about science that is only science.
russ_watters said:
But while you may think you understand the theory of evolution, you don't. Heck, even if you do understand it well for a layman, you certainly can't expect to understand it as well as a biologist. Case-in-point:
russ_watters said:
speciation, just like the example you cited, is a breeze to achieve. But how do you conclude from that something as high functioning as a liver could come about through simple adaptation? . . . The standard answer is, given hundreds of millions of years of gradual changes . . . However, how do you explain the huge numbers of new organs/organisms developed in the 5 to 10 million years of the Cambrian explosion?
Well, can't you answer that? [rhetorical: no point in actually going over the whole theory right here, just know that there is an answer and if you want it, you can find it.]

This is an example of the condescending thuggery I’ve complained about. Thanks for supporting my point! To insist that no one is allowed to challenge claims unless one is an expert (or in a power position) is how tyrants typically argue.

And here you give yourself away “Well, can't you answer that?. . . just know that there is an answer and if you want it, you can find it.” Why should I want to find a Darwinist answer? I don’t give a damn if Darwinist evolution theory is correct or not. If it is, then fine, if it isn’t, then that’s fine too.

See, it is you who is the “believer,” not me, because it is only those pre-committed to scientism who are determined to stick some mechanistic explanation in the gaps whether they make sense or not. Where's that objectivity that is supposed to be a high ideal of science?
russ_watters said:
It appears to me that based on your lack of knowledge of the explanation, you assume there is no explanation. And based on that, you conclude that science is a faith.

You just so certain you are right that you don’t even have to respond to my arguments. I’d bet anything you haven’t even reflected on my points, and that is why the best you can do is condescend rather than make your case with logic and evidence, and in response to my arguments.
russ_watters said:
With your line of questioning above, you'll always find questions to which you don't know the answers. You may get an answer that leads you to another question. But after a while, if you stop and turn around, you may find yourself buried 10 steps deep into some very limited issues with the theory. And that massive body of evidence behind you - not the pinhole in front of you - is why scientists accept the theory of evolution.

Look, why don’t you just show me where I’ve not understood. It isn’t that difficult to study evolution, nothing has mystified me yet. You haven’t cited one solitary example where I’ve misunderstood or under-understood. Here’s pages and pages of me sticking my neck out criticizing evolution theory:

https://www.physicsforums.com/showthread.php?t=93364&page=4

Surely you should be able to find mistakes I’ve made if I am so uninformed of the great mysteries of evolution which you seem to think only a minority are so brilliant they can understand, and the rest of us MUST be real morons if we dare question anything about it.
russ_watters said:
Just because you don't know what the reason is, doesn't mean that scientists don't have a reason. Science isn't some grand global conspiracy/cult with which to extract research dollars or destroy religion. Have a little faith (pun intended) in your fellow man.

Oh, you mean bow to self-proclaimed geniuses like good little sheep? Don’t dare to ask for evidence, logic . . .? You are being paternalistic, which might be a good thing in the military, but around here I thought we were encouraging people to think.

There is nothing wrong in believing science may not have all the answers to how life came about, and if you continue to treat skeptics like they are stupid, you are going to do nothing but hurt the cause of science. Besides, it isn’t just non-scientism devotees who have concerns about evolution. Here’s a science believer I quoted in the above linked thread being, I thought, fair about some of the problems (edited so it would fit in one post):

http://www.angelfire.com/tn/tifni/misc/cambrianexplosion.html

“Half a billion years ago, during this "evolutionary big bang," life evolved at rates of over twenty times the Precambrian rate. From approximately 535 million years ago to 520 million years ago, nearly all the animal phyla in existence today (and many that are no longer with us), save the Bryozoa, first appeared in the fossil record. While this does not necessarily entail that all animal phyla came into existence during the Cambrian explosion – some scientists believe that the "explosion" was a change in climate that produced conditions favorable for the fossilization of preexisting phyla – the evidence for a period of astounding diversification of life is overwhelming. The animals that made their abrupt appearance during the Cambrian explosion are ancestors of virtually all the creatures that swim, fly, and crawl today.

Until recently, scientists believed that phyla evolved over a ridiculously short period of 75 million years. In 1993, a group of researchers from M.I.T. and Harvard did some zircon dating in Siberia, then took the Cambrian period, chopped it in half, and stomped down the evolutionary boom to the first 5 to 10 million years. ‘We now know how fast fast is,’ grinned Samuel Bowring of M.I.T. in an interview with Time magazine. ‘And what I like to ask my biologist friends is, How fast can evolution get before they start feeling uncomfortable?

The possible causes of the Cambrian explosion are as numerous and whimsical as the animals it created. . . . The Cambrian Explosion leaves us humans, 500 million years later, with the most puzzling of questions. The Cambrian rocks of the geologic column contain a proliferation of complex life; however, no trace of predecessors to such complex and sometimes offbeat organisms is to be found in Precambrian rocks. For example, the evolution of vertebrate fish from invertebrate animals, which wore exoskeletons and left no traces of turning their exoskeletons inside out to produce vertebrae, remains a gaping hole in the evolutionary timeline. Thus the Cambrian explosion raises questions about Darwin’s grand theory of evolution.

Creationists exploit the Cambrian explosion as evidence that the Biblical record of creation is true. Then God said, ‘Let the waters abound with an abundance of living creatures.’ So appeared the abundant fish and marine life that appeared during the Cambrian explosion. These ‘stationary or slow-moving’ creatures were the first to be overwhelmed by the mud and silt of the Deluge, and they were fossilized to be discovered half a billion years later.

The existence of such a plethora of conflicting hypotheses, all of which are viable, some of which seem fantastic, may instill a sense of doubt in the reader as to whether any of them correctly explain the mystery of the Cambrian explosion. In my opinion, a propitious combination of true polar wander, predation, and an increase in the number of Hox genes provides the most satisfactory and comprehensive explanation. I tend to doubt the creationism hypothesis not because of a prodigious lack of faith, but rather because the creationists seem to embrace it too heartily and ignore the conspicuous incongruities between Genesis and current ‘scientific’ beliefs. However, the true polar wander hypothesis is relatively new and has been challenged in Science, where it was first published. The unstoppable advance of science may eventually reach a firm conclusion as to what triggered the Cambrian explosion. For now we must continue to wonder about and wonder at this remarkable and baffling proliferation of life.”
 
Last edited by a moderator:
  • #68
This website is a great read, even though it starts out rather humorously. (sorry if a bit OT, Les' link made me think of it)

A Creation "Science" Geologic Time Scale

1,500 years. Pre-Flood "Geology." Laws of science invalid.

(2) Adam and Eve, talking snakes, etc.

(3) World's waters are in great Venus-like atmosphere or in ground
water. No rain, no ocean basins.

(4) Radiometric dating invalid; speed of light changed.

(5) Humans, dinosaurs, mammals, the "works," all live together in
peace. Both lions and Tyranosaurus Rex are vegetarians in Eden before
the "fall."

(6) Human life spans up to 900 years.

(7) Battle of Satan and angels produces craters on moon.

Flood Year: Flood "Geology" - ONE (?) year of normal (?) "science"

Rain - 40 days

(8) Big animals run to mountain tops. Not a single dumb human caught
in all the early flood sediments. All dinosaurs washed off only in
middle flood-time.

(9) Coral reefs (Guadalupe Mountains of Texas) grow to thicknesses of
half a mile during single year.

(10) Vast coal beds accumulate one on top of another, each as original
swamp deposits on order of 100 feet thick, all in one year.

(11) Mile-thick salt formations in Utah form by evaporation (!) of
seawater during (!) the flood.

Flood - about 250 days.

(12) Most of the world's sedimentary rocks dumped on continents to
average thickness of one mile, almost entirely during the flood year.

(13) Most continental drif occurs. Flood waters drain into the newly
formed ocean basins. Atlantic opens at average rate of 1/2 mile per
hour.

(14) Most deep sea sediments (average about 1,500 feet thick) collect
on the newly opened ocean floors.

(15) Hawaiian volcano built 30,000 feet high on new sea floor. (Cools
enough for birds and plants from Ark to colonize soon after end of
flood year.

Final Retreat - ? 100 days ?

(16)Volcano of Mount Ararat built 7,000 feet high underwater and cools
in time for grounding of the Ark.

(17) Successive Yellowstone ash beds bury 10 to 27 forests one on top
of another, all grown during single year.

(18) Grand Canyon cut by receding flood waters. Flood sediments
de-water and harden in one year to rock strong enough to stand as
steep, mile-hile cliffs.

Post-Flood Geology - 4,500 years of normal (?) science to Present

(19)From Ark, Noah (?) directs streams of distinctive animal and plant
communities to migrate to Africa, Australia, South America, etc.
(Ferry service ?) (Some creationists use post-flood continental
drift at rates up to one mile per hour !)

(20)Sun stands still for Israelite battle. Earth stops rotating and
then starts again due to near-miss by Venus out of its orbit ?
(Velikovsky)

(21)Only one ice age as post-flood atmosphere cools.
Geologists' abundant evidence of many great ice advances
separated by sub-tropical vegetation and development of thick soil zones
between some advances are wrong.

(22)Late-flood granite masses, formed at 1,000 degrees (F.), cool to
present low temperatures at rates in violation of all laws of thermal
physics. Fit to radiometric daes is mere coincidence.

(23)Extreme rates of continental drift typical of flood (1/2 mile per
hour) suddenly slow to present-day laser-measured rates of inches per
year. Accord of present rates with radiometric dates is mere chance.

(24)Coral reefs (Bikini, Eniwetok) grow 1/2 to 1 mile thick in first
1,000 years (rate of one foot per month) then slow to present measured
rates of inches per century.

http://chem.tufts.edu/science/Geology/Wise/CreationistGeologyRefuted.htm
 
  • #69
Beautiful, Evo! Just when I start to wonder why I keep you around, you come up with something like that. :biggrin:
 
  • #70
Evo said:
This website is a great read, even though it starts out rather humorously. (sorry if a bit OT, Les' link made me think of it)
A Creation "Science" Geologic Time Scale
1,500 years. Pre-Flood "Geology." Laws of science invalid....
Now Evo, babe, it's not nice to make fun... :devil:

On a related note, they misspelled my name, but nevertheless, I appreciate the recognition...
Day 2 - Waters[sic] above and waters[sic] below.
 
  • #71
Les Sleeth said:
Look, why don’t you just show me where I’ve not understood. It isn’t that difficult to study evolution, nothing has mystified me yet. You haven’t cited one solitary example where I’ve misunderstood or under-understood.
Russ may not have, but I know I've already pointed out several instances in this thread alone. You just keep ignoring this and repeating the same arguments with the same misunderstandings. The objections you're raising are not problems with evolution, they are misunderstandings of what evolutionary theory is about. Your statement claiming it's not that difficult to study evolution is very telling. Yes, it is difficult! There's a LOT of literature out there. It didn't become a theory based on a handful of studies, it became a theory because of an overwhelming amount of evidence. There's not just one but several scientific journals dedicated just to this subject alone. The version that gets taught in biology classes is very simplified, just like the version of physics that gets taught in general physics classes is very simplified. Your statement is like the folks running around here who think they know all there is to know about physics because they've studied some general physics textbooks and read some stuff on websites, and then try telling everyone it's wrong when the only thing wrong is that their knowledge of the current standing of the subject and the body of evidence supporting it is far from complete.
 
  • #72
Les Sleeth said:
http://www.angelfire.com/tn/tifni/misc/cambrianexplosion.html

Until recently, scientists believed that phyla evolved over a ridiculously short period of 75 million years. In 1993, a group of researchers from M.I.T. and Harvard did some zircon dating in Siberia, then took the Cambrian period, chopped it in half, and stomped down the evolutionary boom to the first 5 to 10 million years. ‘We now know how fast fast is,’ grinned Samuel Bowring of M.I.T. in an interview with Time magazine. ‘And what I like to ask my biologist friends is, How fast can evolution get before they start feeling uncomfortable?
Here's a little fact-checking, since they couldn't even cite their secondary source correctly, let alone accurately portray the findings of the primary source.

The journal article for which that Time article was written, and that quote attributed, was published in 1995, not 1993. This is even apparent in the Time magazine article, published in December 1995:
http://www.mc.maricopa.edu/dept/d10/asb/anthro2003/origins/life_explosion.html

The original article in Science is:
Biostratigraphic and Geochronologic Constraints on Early Animal Evolution
John P. Grotzinger; Samuel A. Bowring; Beverly Z. Saylor; Alan J. Kaufman
Science, New Series, Vol. 270, No. 5236. (Oct. 27, 1995), pp. 598-604.
http://links.jstor.org/sici?sici=0036-8075(19951027)3:270:5236<598:BAGCOE>2.0.CO;2-Z

When you read the original article, it becomes abundantly clear that what this study did was greatly refine what scientists knew to be more approximate dating of the Ediacaran period and the Pre-Cambrian/Cambrian boundary. The challenge of how fast would it have to be before they start feeling uncomfortable is clarified and put into much better context by reading the entirety of the article, in which it becomes clear that there were two (or more) competing theories explaining the apparent Cambrian "explosion" of life forms in the fossil record. One camp held that this was indeed a rapid explosion, and the apparent gap in the fossil record that existed prior to this study was explained as two separate major diversification events, the first being species that did not survive (hence the gap) and unrelated to those in the second explosion. The second camp held that the apparent "explosion" was really just the end of a more gradual evolutionary process. This new data supports the second view better than the first, and made it easier to reconcile a previously hard to explain gap in the fossil record by showing it wasn't a gap at all.

Directly from the Science article:
Once held as the position in the rock record where the major invertebrate groups first appeared, the Precambrian-Cambrian boundary now serves more as a convenient reference point within an evolutionary continuum. Skeletalized organisms, including Cambrian-aspect shelly fossils, first appear below the boundary (46, 64, 65) and then show strong diversification during the Early Cambrian (Fig. 4) (8, 66-68). Similarly, trace fossils also appear first in the Vendian, exhibit a progression to more complex geometries across the boundary, and then parallel the dramatic radiation displayed by body fossils (23, 24)...

Alternatively, by filling in most of the temporal gap between Ediacaran and Cambrian faunas, the Ediacaran fossils at the top of the Spitskopf Member in Namibia could be used to support evolutionary models that interpret the Ediacaran organisms as ancestors to certain Cambrian metazoans (9, 71-73), or as a sister group to the metazoans (74). Our data do not force abandonment of any of these hypotheses. Considered collectively, however, the most parsimonious interpretation of the available fossil and age data is that the early development of animals proceeded as a single, protracted evolutionary radiation, culminating in the Cambrian explosion (Fig. 4).
 
Last edited by a moderator:
  • #73
I think the thread has run it's course on the Australian decision.
 
Back
Top