Apparent (clearly false) contradiction - Kepler's Third Law

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SUMMARY

The discussion centers on the apparent contradiction regarding Kepler's Third Law as it applies to satellites in geosynchronous orbit. It is established that while the formula T² = (4π²r³)/(GM) suggests that an increase in radius results in decreased velocity, this does not account for the specific conditions of geosynchronous orbit. A satellite in geosynchronous orbit matches the Earth's rotational period, requiring it to travel at a velocity that compensates for the Earth's surface rotation, which is approximately 444 m/s at the equator. Thus, there is no anomaly; rather, the misunderstanding arises from not considering the relationship between orbital speed and the Earth's rotation.

PREREQUISITES
  • Understanding of Kepler's Laws of planetary motion
  • Familiarity with gravitational force equations, specifically T² = (4π²r³)/(GM)
  • Knowledge of orbital mechanics and geosynchronous orbits
  • Basic physics concepts related to velocity and acceleration
NEXT STEPS
  • Study the implications of Kepler's Third Law on different types of orbits
  • Learn about the mechanics of geosynchronous and geostationary orbits
  • Explore the relationship between orbital speed and altitude in satellite dynamics
  • Investigate the effects of Earth's rotation on satellite motion and velocity
USEFUL FOR

Students of physics, aerospace engineers, and anyone interested in satellite dynamics and orbital mechanics will benefit from this discussion.

Brad
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Homework Statement


When considering a satellite in geosynchronous orbit, its speed is zero across (relative to) Earth's surface.
From Kepler's third Law: T2=(4π2r3)/(GM), we can derive that v2=GM/r

This would tell us that as the radius of a satellite to Earth's centre increases, its velocity decreases by a squared amount.

My Physics Class realized that, for the period of Earth and consequently the satellite to be constant, an increased radius from Earth's centre would require the satellite to travel at a faster velocity.

We could not explain this apparent anomaly and were clearly not accounting for some crucial factor.

Any help at explaining where we are wrong would be appreciated.
Thanks :)

Homework Equations

The Attempt at a Solution

 
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Brad said:
This would tell us that as the radius of a satellite to Earth's centre increases, its velocity decreases by a squared amount.

That's right.

Brad said:
My Physics Class realized that, for the period of Earth and consequently the satellite to be constant, an increased radius from Earth's centre would require the satellite to travel at a faster velocity.

That's also right.

Brad said:
We could not explain this apparent anomaly and were clearly not accounting for some crucial factor.

There is no anomaly. Geosync orbit occurs at the height where the orbital period of the satellite is exactly enough to match the Earth's rotational period. Below this height a satellite travels too fast. Above this height and a satellite travels too slow.
 
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Brad said:
My Physics Class realized that, for the period of Earth and consequently the satellite to be constant, an increased radius from Earth's centre would require the satellite to travel at a faster velocity.
To travel at a faster velocity than the rotational velocity of the Earth's surface. Not to travel at a faster velocity than an object in low Earth orbit (which is what your equations tell you). The surface of the Earth rotates at ca. 1600 km/h (444 m/s) at the equator. An object in low Earth orbit has an orbital speed of ca. 8 km/s.
 
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