Atwood Machine, Rotational Inertia, and Energy

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SUMMARY

The discussion focuses on the Atwood machine involving a solid disk pulley with mass M and radius R, where two blocks of mass m1 and m2 are suspended. Key equations derived include the speed of Block 2 before impact, given by v = sqrt((2gh(m2-m1))/(m1+m2+(M/2))), and the angular speed of the pulley, w(omega) = (1/R) * sqrt((2gh(m2-m1))/(m1+m2+(M/2))). The time taken for Block 2 to fall is calculated as t = h * sqrt((2m1+2m2+M)/(gh(m2-m1))). Energy conservation principles are emphasized throughout the analysis.

PREREQUISITES
  • Understanding of rotational inertia, specifically (MR2)/2 for solid disks.
  • Familiarity with gravitational potential energy (GPE) and kinetic energy (KE) equations.
  • Knowledge of angular displacement and angular velocity concepts.
  • Basic principles of energy conservation in mechanical systems.
NEXT STEPS
  • Study the derivation of energy conservation equations in mechanical systems.
  • Learn about the dynamics of Atwood machines and their applications in physics.
  • Explore advanced rotational dynamics, including torque and angular momentum.
  • Investigate the effects of varying mass ratios on the motion of Atwood machines.
USEFUL FOR

Physics students, educators, and anyone interested in understanding the mechanics of rotational systems and energy transfer in Atwood machines.

rvhockey
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In the figure below, the pulley is a solid disk of mass M and radius R, with rotational inertia (MR2)/2. Two blocks, one of mass m1, and one of mass m2, hang from either side of the pulley by a light cord. Initially, the system is at rest, with Block 1 on the floor and Block 2 held at height h above the floor. Block 2 is then released and allowed to fall.
a. What is the speed of Block 2 just before it strikes the ground?
b. What is the angular speed of the pulley at this moment?
c. What's the angular displacement of the pulley?
d. How long does it take for Block 2 to fall to the floor?




(MR2)/2 = I
mgh=GPE
(mv2)/2 =KEtrans
Iw(omega)2=KErot




I can't figure out how to do it, but the answers are
a. v = sqrt((2gh(m2-m1))/(m1+m2+(M/2)))
b. w(omega) = (1/R) * sqrt((2gh(m2-m1))/(m1+m2+(M/2)))
c. ??
d. t = h * sqrt((2m1+2m2+M)/(gh(m2-m1)))
 
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Think about it in terms of energy conservation. Do a sketch of the system at the start and at the end of the period you're interested in.

Then play spot the difference. Where has energy been transferred?
 

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