Black Body Radiation Calculation: Unveiling My Cluelessness

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SUMMARY

The discussion centers on the calculation of the thermal average number of photons in a black body mode of frequency ω, derived from the partition function Z based on quantized energies of a harmonic oscillator. The formula =\frac{1}{e^\frac{\hbar\omega}{\tau}-1} indicates that the average number of photons is independent of the black body's size. Participants express confusion regarding this independence, arguing that larger black bodies should emit more photons due to a greater number of atoms contributing to radiation. The conversation highlights a fundamental misunderstanding of how photon occupancy in modes is defined in statistical mechanics.

PREREQUISITES
  • Understanding of black body radiation principles
  • Familiarity with statistical mechanics and partition functions
  • Knowledge of harmonic oscillators in quantum mechanics
  • Basic grasp of photon statistics and energy quantization
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  • Explore the implications of the equipartition theorem in statistical mechanics
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Physicists, students of thermodynamics, and anyone interested in the principles of quantum mechanics and statistical physics, particularly those exploring black body radiation and photon statistics.

LHarriger
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I was looking over the calculation leading to the thermal average number of photons s in a mode of frequency w in a black body. The approach was pretty straightfoward: Calculate the partition function Z based on quantized energies of a harmonic oscillator, then use this to calculate:
<s> \ = \ \sum_{i=0}^{\infty}{s P(s)} \ \ \Longrightarrow \ \ \ <s> \ = \ \frac{1}{e^\frac{\hbar\omega}{\tau}-1}
I had no problem understanding the derivation. However, this result is independent of the size of the black body. For the life of me, I don't see how this could be the case. I assume that when we talk about the number of photons in a mode we are talking about the number of photons that would be emmitted for the energy of that mode to vanish. It seems to me that the larger the body, the more photon will sit in that mode. For instance, a big anvil held at a given temperature should radiate more than a penny. I am clearly missing something, could someone clue me into my cluelessness.
 
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A probability density function is based on the probability of a fraction of that population being within an incremental range.

The numbers are very large of course - say for a solid, on the order of 1022 atoms / gram.

Pick a fraction like 1000 / 1023 which is the same as 10000 / 1024. The fractions of particles are the same, but obviously 24 atoms radiate 10 times the energy of 1023 atoms. The frequency distribution would the be same, the intensity, number of photons would be greater by a factor of 10 in the larger population.
 
Astronuc said:
[The] number of photons would be greater by a factor of 10 in the larger population.

That was my conclussion too. My problem is that it seems, at least to me, that this conclussion conflicts with the result:
<s>=\frac{1}{e^\frac{\hbar\omega}{\tau}-1}
which states that the average number of photons in a mode is independent of the size of the black body.
 

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