Black Holes & Light: Can Light Escape?

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Discussion Overview

The discussion centers on the nature of light in relation to black holes, specifically addressing the paradox of how light can propagate at its constant speed while being unable to escape a black hole's gravitational pull. This involves theoretical concepts from general relativity and the behavior of light in curved spacetime.

Discussion Character

  • Exploratory
  • Technical explanation
  • Conceptual clarification
  • Debate/contested

Main Points Raised

  • Some participants express confusion over the statement that light cannot escape from a black hole while it continues to propagate at the speed of light.
  • One participant explains that light travels along geodesics in spacetime, which are affected by gravity, leading to the perception that light "slows down" when escaping a gravity well, despite it moving at speed c locally.
  • Another participant clarifies that "not slowing down" is a local concept, while "escape" is a global concept, emphasizing that light cannot escape from inside the event horizon due to the geometry of black hole spacetime.
  • It is noted that while light moves at c locally, observers cannot escape the black hole and will fall into the singularity sooner than light moving outward at c relative to them.

Areas of Agreement / Disagreement

Participants express differing views on the implications of light's behavior in black holes, with some confusion remaining about the concepts of local versus global measurements. The discussion does not reach a consensus on the interpretation of these phenomena.

Contextual Notes

Limitations include the reliance on specific definitions of local and global concepts in spacetime, as well as the complexity of geodesics in curved spacetime, which may not be fully resolved in the discussion.

flyingace
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It heard it stated that light cannot escape from a black hole, yet light continues to propagate at the speed of light even in a black hole. Can someone explain to me how it can be that light can't escape yet does not slow down?
 
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flyingace said:
It heard it stated that light cannot escape from a black hole, yet light continues to propagate at the speed of light even in a black hole. Can someone explain to me how it can be that light can't escape yet does not slow down?

Have a look at the "Similar Discussions" links at the bottom of the page -- do those discussions help? :smile:
 
Some, but not exactly what I'm looking for.
 
Things in spacetime travel on what are known as geodesics, which is the space-time geometry equivalent of straight lines. Using Euclidean Geometry as a reference frame, we say that spacetime "bends" light under the force of gravity (Google "Einstein Rings").

Because light is affected by gravity, it "slows down" when coming out of a gravity well. I put "slows down" in quoted because it does NOT slow down locally, it just looks that way to a remote observer. The "slowing down" shows up as red-shifting. That is, the light is still traveling at c but its frequency shifts towards the red end of the spectrum.

The gravity in a black hole is so strong that the geodesic points back towards the singularity at the center of the BH and the light, while traveling at c, locally, away from the singularity is in fact moving towards it along the geodesic.
 
flyingace said:
Can someone explain to me how it can be that light can't escape yet does not slow down?

"Not slowing down" is a local concept: light always moves at ##c## when measured by observers in the same local patch of spacetime as the light. This is true in any spacetime, regardless of its global geometry.

"Escape" is a global concept: light can't escape from inside the event horizon because the global geometry of a black hole spacetime won't let it. Geometrically, there is simply no path the light can follow that will allow it to escape. Observers who observe the light, locally, moving at ##c## can't escape either; in fact they will fall into the singularity sooner than light that is moving radially outward, relative to them, at ##c#.
 

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