Stable Equilibrium of Stacked Hemispheres

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SUMMARY

The discussion centers on the stability of equilibrium for two stacked hemispheres, where the bottom hemisphere has a radius of b and the top hemisphere has a radius of a. The equilibrium is stable if the condition a < 3b / 5 is satisfied. Key equations include U = mgh for potential energy and the center of mass (CM) of a solid hemisphere being located at 3r/8. The analysis involves energy considerations and small-angle approximations to determine the center of mass positions during slight displacements.

PREREQUISITES
  • Understanding of potential energy (U = mgh)
  • Familiarity with rotational motion (v = ωr)
  • Knowledge of center of mass calculations for solid hemispheres
  • Basic principles of equilibrium and stability analysis
NEXT STEPS
  • Study the derivation of the center of mass for various shapes, focusing on solid hemispheres
  • Learn about energy conservation principles in mechanical systems
  • Explore small-angle approximation techniques in physics
  • Investigate stability criteria in equilibrium problems, particularly for stacked objects
USEFUL FOR

This discussion is beneficial for physics students, educators, and anyone interested in mechanics, particularly in analyzing stability in systems involving rigid bodies and equilibrium conditions.

kitsh
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Homework Statement


A solid hemisphere of radius b has its flat surface glued to a horizontal table. A second solid hemisphere of different radius a rests on top of the first one so that the curved surfaces are in contact. The surfaces of the hemispheres are rough (meaning that no slipping occurs between them) and both hemispheres have uniform mass distributions. The two objects are in equilibrium when the top one is "upside down", i.e. with its flat surface parallel to the table but above it. Show that this equilibrium position is stable if a < 3b / 5 .

Homework Equations


U=mgh
v=ωr
CM of a solid hemisphere is 3r/8

The Attempt at a Solution


I know I am supposed to do this problem using the energy and it's derivative to analyze the equilibrium points but I honestly have no idea how to go about setting up the problem, a push in the right direction would be much appreciated.
 
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Well, start with the energy... did you draw a sketch?
Where is the center of mass initially? What does that mean for its energy?
Where is the center of mass after the hemispheres rolled a tiny bit? Small-angle approximations are fine as you are interested in the limit anyway.
 

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