Calculate gain for differential amplifier

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SUMMARY

The gain (u_o/u_i) for a differential amplifier with symmetric output can be calculated using the formula u_o/u_i = -g_m * R_D, where g_m represents the transconductance of the transistors and R_D is the load resistance. The discussion emphasizes the importance of applying small differential input voltages to achieve accurate gain calculations. It also highlights that the gain is influenced by the source resistance (R_s) and the configuration of the input voltages, particularly when using a common-mode voltage approach.

PREREQUISITES
  • Understanding of differential amplifiers and their configurations
  • Knowledge of transconductance (g_m) and its significance in amplifier design
  • Familiarity with small-signal analysis techniques
  • Basic circuit analysis skills, particularly with resistive networks
NEXT STEPS
  • Study the principles of differential amplifier design and gain calculation
  • Learn about the effects of common-mode voltage on differential amplifiers
  • Explore small-signal models and their applications in amplifier analysis
  • Investigate the role of source resistance (R_s) in determining amplifier performance
USEFUL FOR

Electrical engineers, students studying analog circuit design, and anyone involved in the analysis or design of differential amplifiers will benefit from this discussion.

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Homework Statement


Calculate gain (u_o/u_i) for a differential amplifier with symmetric output. Both transistors have the same transconductance gm. Transistor output resistance r_0 is neglected here.

circuit: http://sv.tinypic.com/view.php?pic=14cea8p&s=8#.VSf7Evl_vxM

Homework Equations



Calculate gain A = u_o/u_i

The Attempt at a Solution



We rewrite the circuit to small-signal.
Voltage sources +/- E are set to zero.
I also split the source resistance Rs, into two parts so that we can divide the differentiator between a left and right side.

v_{gs1} = u_{i}-g_{m}v_{gs1}\frac{R_{s}}{2}
v_{gs1} = \frac{u_{i}}{1+g_{m}\frac{R_{s}}{2}}v_{gs2} = 0 - g_{m}v_{gs2}\frac{R_{s}}{2}
v_{gs2}(1 + g_{m}\frac{R_{s}}{2}) = 0
v_{gs2} = 0

u_{o} = v_{o1}-v_{o2}
v_{o1} = -R_{D1}g_{m}v_{gs1}
v_{o2} = -R_{D2}g_{m}v_{gs2}

u_{o} = -R_{D1}g_{m}v_{gs1}+R_{D2}g_{m}v_{gs2} = -R_{D1}g_{m}v_{gs1}
u_{o} = -R_{D1}g_{m}(\frac{u_{i}}{1+g_{m}\frac{R_{s}}{2}} )
\frac{u_{o}}{u_{i}} = \frac{ -R_{D1}g_{m}}{1+g_{m}\frac{R_{s}}{2}} = \frac{ -(R_{D}-\frac{\Delta R}{2})g_{m}}{1+g_{m}\frac{R_{s}}{2}}The answer above is wrong, u_o/u_i = -gm*Rd is the correct one. What am I doing wrong?
 
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Don't use small-signal equivalent circuits. All you need is gm = dI/dVgs for each transistor. You still can and should use small-signal parameters.
I suggest:
Ground uin- . Apply small voltage uin+ . Compute ΔI1 and ΔI2.
Then compute uut+ , uut- and finally uut+ - uut- .
Note that ΔI1 and ΔI2 are independent of RD1 and RD2.
EDIT:
Your given answer is correct if we assume differentially small ΔRD but if not then the gain I calculated is somewhat less than gmRD.
Also, if 2gmRs >> 1 the gain also → gmRD.
FURTHER EDIT:
If you apply +vin/2 to the + input and -vin/2 to the - input instead of +vin to the + input and 0 to the - input, your given gain is correct at gmRD. This is because then the "common-mode voltage" (the average of the two input voltages) is always zero, the source voltage never changes, and i1 + i2 = 0.
 
Last edited:

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