Calculus III: Open sets proof help

In summary, the conversation discusses proving that a given set is an open subset of R^2 using a substitution method. The set is described as an open disc centered at the origin with radius 1. The key idea is to show that the distance between any point in the set and the origin is less than 1, which can be done by taking an open disc centered at the point with a radius that is the difference between 1 and the distance from the origin. The definition of an open set is mentioned as a crucial factor in proving the given set is open.
  • #1
rman144
35
0
I need to prove that the following is an open subset of R^2:

[tex]\left\{(x,y)\in[/tex]R[tex]^{2}[/tex]|[tex]\sqrt{x^2+y^2}[/tex]<1}


I think the substition r=min{sqrt[x^2+y^2],1-sqrt[x^2+y^2]} works, but I'm stuck on how to take it from that to showing that the distance between X0 and X1 is less that r, and more importantly, proving that this means that the subset is open. Any help would be must appreciated.
 
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  • #2
Isn't this just an open disc centered at the origin of radius 1? The basic idea is to take a point (a,b) in that set, and note that its distance from the origin, which we can denote d((a,b),(0,0)) is less than the radius of the original set, which is 1. If we then take an open disc of radius r = 1 - d((a,b),(0,0)) centered at (a,b), then intuitively this disc will lie entirely in the original set. Proving this will probably be a bit more annoying, since you're dealing with the Euclidean metric instead of a general metric.
 
  • #3
What is your definition of "open set"? How you prove a set is open depends strongly on exactly what the definition is.
 

1. What is Calculus III and why is it important?

Calculus III is an advanced level of calculus that explores topics such as multivariable calculus, vector calculus, and partial derivatives. It is important because it is used in many fields of science and engineering, including physics, economics, and computer science. It also provides a foundation for more advanced mathematical subjects such as differential equations and real analysis.

2. What are open sets in calculus and how are they different from closed sets?

In calculus, a set is considered open if every point in the set has a neighborhood that is also contained within the set. This means that there are no boundary points in an open set. On the other hand, a closed set contains all of its boundary points. In other words, every point on the boundary of a closed set is also included in the set itself. This distinction is important when proving theorems in calculus, as open sets behave differently than closed sets.

3. How do you prove that a set is open using calculus?

To prove that a set is open, you must show that for each point in the set, there exists a neighborhood around that point that is also contained within the set. This can be done by using the definition of an open set and showing that the set meets all of the criteria. You may also use other theorems and properties of open sets, such as the fact that the union of any number of open sets is also open.

4. Can you provide an example of an open set and its proof?

One example of an open set is the set of all real numbers between 0 and 1, not including 0 and 1 themselves. To prove that this set is open, we can start by choosing an arbitrary point within the set, let's say 0.5. Then, we can set a radius for our neighborhood, such as 0.25. This means that all points between 0.25 and 0.75 are also included in the set. Therefore, for every point in the set, there exists a neighborhood that is also contained within the set, satisfying the definition of an open set.

5. How is the concept of open sets used in real-world applications?

The concept of open sets is used in many real-world applications, particularly in fields such as physics and engineering. For example, in fluid mechanics, open sets are used to model fluid flow in a given region. In economics, open sets are used to represent feasible options in decision-making processes. In computer science, open sets are used in algorithms for solving optimization problems. Understanding open sets in calculus can provide valuable insights and tools for solving problems in various fields.

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