I intend to update this post as I go along and find more links.
At the beginning of this VERY long thread, I mentioned two things you should do as a self-check on your ability to get through a US PhD program: the Physics GRE, and a typical qualifying exam, preferably from the schools you wish to apply to. I also note that for the qualifying exams, the self-check here involves not the actual solving of the questions given (which you can attempt if you wish), but actually just simply having an idea on how to solve such problems. In other words, you actually know the physics involved, and the steps you need to proceed to solve them.
In this post, I would like to make a list of various webpages from different schools that have put their past-year's physics qualifying exams online. This is to give you a chance to look at the questions being asked from a wide range of schools, and then to asses your own knowledge and abilities for yourself. Only you can asses if you are sufficiently prepared.
If you have links to add, you may do so by either posting them here (and I'll update this post), or you may msg me with the link and I'll post it here. If you notice a broken link, please let me know.
So here goes:
1. http://physics.columbia.edu/qalifying-exam-quals (ignore the typo in "Qalifying")
2.
UCSC (this is not from the university's website, but it purportedly has solutions to some of the exams. Accuracy and correctness are not guaranteed.).
3.
University of Oregon
4.
University of Illinois at Chicago
5.
Yale University
6. http://physics.illinois.edu/grad/qual-archive.asp
7.
Purdue University
8. http://umdphysics.umd.edu/academics/graduate/qualifier.html
9.
Rutgers University
10. http://www.princeton.edu/physics/graduate-program/prelims/
11.
SUNY-Buffalo
12.
Illinois Institute of TechnologyZz.