Can Linear Birefringence create elliptically polarized waves?

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Discussion Overview

The discussion revolves around the capabilities of linear birefringent materials in generating elliptically or circularly polarized light from linearly polarized light. It explores the theoretical underpinnings and practical applications of birefringence, particularly in relation to crystal structures and liquid crystals.

Discussion Character

  • Exploratory
  • Technical explanation
  • Conceptual clarification

Main Points Raised

  • One participant questions whether the different propagation speeds of the parallel and perpendicular components in a linear birefringent material are sufficient to produce circularly or elliptically polarized light at normal incidence.
  • Another participant suggests that a uniaxial crystal can convert linearly polarized light into circular or elliptical polarization by adjusting the orientation of the fast axis relative to the incident polarization.
  • A participant inquires about the term "Shape Birefringence" and its relation to the discussed concepts, indicating a possible connection to the crystal structure's influence on birefringence.
  • Further clarification is provided that Shape Birefringence relates to the crystal structure, and a comparison is made to nematic liquid crystals, which can change their geometrical structure under an electric field, affecting light interaction more easily than solid crystals.

Areas of Agreement / Disagreement

Participants express varying levels of understanding and agreement regarding the mechanisms of birefringence and its applications, but no consensus is reached on the specifics of Shape Birefringence or the conditions necessary for generating elliptically polarized light.

Contextual Notes

The discussion does not resolve the assumptions regarding the conditions under which linear birefringence can produce different polarization states, nor does it clarify the definitions of Shape Birefringence in detail.

ksmith1281
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I am trying to understand all the possibilities that a linear birefringent material can provide. The resources I am finding on the internet seems to only claim that each component of the wave (the parallel and perpendicular components) will propagate at different speeds. Is this enough to say that if I have normal incidence for a given linearly birefringent material, I can obtain circularly or elliptically polarized light?

Thanks in advance
 
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If I understand you, then yes. A linearly birefringent material (say, a uniaxial crystal) can be used to convert linearly polarized light into circular (1/4-wave plate) or elliptical (or linear) simply by rotating the fast axis of the material with respect to the incident polarization.
 
I see. So when someone says Shape Birefringence, do they refer to what you are talking about. A form of Birefringence due to the crystal structure?
 
ksmith1281 said:
I see. So when someone says Shape Birefringence, do they refer to what you are talking about.

Yes that's correct.

ksmith1281 said:
A form of Birefringence due to the crystal structure?

It would be a lot easier consider the same setup with a nematic liquid crystal ; when an electric field is applied their geometrical structure changes and interacting light is exposed to the change accordingly. Applying precise electric fields to liquid crystal is much easier than rotating a solid crystal thus I think you heard about this.
 
Thanks!
 

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