Can the Speed of Light Change or Increase?

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SUMMARY

The speed of light in a vacuum is a constant value and cannot be altered; however, its speed can vary in different materials. Light pulses can exhibit a faster-than-light effect in certain media, where the phase velocity may exceed the speed of light, but the group velocity, which carries energy and information, remains constrained by relativity. Observational tests indicate that the fine structure constant has not varied significantly over the universe's history, supporting the constancy of the speed of light. Theoretical discussions also explore scenarios where the speed of light may have varied in the early universe, but these remain untestable with current methods.

PREREQUISITES
  • Understanding of special relativity and its implications on light speed
  • Familiarity with phase velocity and group velocity concepts
  • Knowledge of the fine structure constant and its significance in physics
  • Basic grasp of cosmological theories regarding the early universe
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Physicists, cosmologists, and students interested in the fundamental properties of light and the implications of relativity in modern physics.

  • #31
Just for the record, I am not convinced about vgr being able to be vgr > c.
Just to add more to your confussion (not that I want to make you suffer, but...):
take a look at this experiment of Lijun Wang, where he reports a negative group velocity of -310c
http://physicsweb.org/articles/news/4/7/8/1
 
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  • #32
Well I was just about to call 911 until I read :

"There is no widespread agreement among physicists about the speed at which information is carried by pulses in such experiments."

and :

"The team intend to analyse this further..."

Whenever I get the chance, I'll look into this further. Cool stuff.
 
  • #33
I've been thinking today about this oddity called negative group velocity, then i',ve searched if there was such a thing called negative phase velocity and I've found this:
http://www.innovations-report.de/html/berichte/physik_astronomie/bericht-32117.html
"Whether viewed dimly through the haze and lights of a city or in all their glory in a pristine wilderness, the stars that surround the Earth are magnificent, and one day Earthlings will travel to some of the new planets that astronomers are locating. However, the stars we see are not necessarily where we think they are, according to an international research team.

"We know that the light from distant stars takes a very long time to reach the Earth," says Dr. Akhlesh Lakhtakia, distinguished professor of engineering science and mechanics, Penn State. "But, taking into account the distance a star will have moved while that light travels, we still may not be able to accurately locate the star.

Negative phase velocity media or materials with negative refractive index may be responsible for this locational uncertainty. Recently, materials researchers at the University of California San Diego, working with micro and nano materials, developed a metamaterial that had a negative refractive index for microwaves, proving that negative phase materials could exist at least in the microwave part of the electromagnetic spectrum. Their requirements for this material were that both the relative permittivity, a measure of the charge separation in a material, and the relative permeability, a measure of how electrons loop in materials, of a substance must be less than zero."
I'm glad that at least there's no such a thing called negative front velocity or negative signal velocity. at least according to google
 
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