Can the Speed of Light Change or Increase?

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Discussion Overview

The discussion centers around the question of whether the speed of light can change or increase, exploring various theoretical and experimental perspectives. Participants examine concepts related to the speed of light in different media, faster-than-light phenomena, and implications for relativity.

Discussion Character

  • Debate/contested
  • Exploratory
  • Technical explanation
  • Mathematical reasoning

Main Points Raised

  • Some participants assert that the speed of light in a vacuum is constant and cannot be changed, while acknowledging that in materials, the speed can vary based on the medium.
  • Others propose that light pulses can exhibit faster-than-light effects in certain media, where the phase velocity may exceed c, although the group velocity, which carries information, cannot surpass c.
  • There are claims regarding the fine structure constant's constancy over time, suggesting that if it remains unchanged, then the speed of light is also constant.
  • Some participants discuss the concept of photons potentially traveling faster than light through tunneling effects in materials, although this remains uncertain and requires correction from others.
  • Examples are provided where everyday phenomena, such as water waves or laser pointers, can appear to exceed the speed of light, but participants debate the implications of these observations on the fundamental laws of physics.
  • Joao Magueijo's theory is mentioned, proposing that in the early universe, light may have traveled faster due to changes in dimensional structure, but the observable consequences of this theory remain unclear.
  • Discussions include claims of observed group velocities exceeding c, with references to specific experiments and the distinction between different types of velocities associated with light pulses.

Areas of Agreement / Disagreement

Participants do not reach a consensus; multiple competing views remain regarding the nature of light speed, its constancy, and the implications of various phenomena that suggest faster-than-light behavior.

Contextual Notes

Limitations include unresolved mathematical steps regarding the implications of faster-than-light phenomena, dependence on definitions of velocity types, and the indirect nature of observational evidence related to early universe theories.

  • #31
Just for the record, I am not convinced about vgr being able to be vgr > c.
Just to add more to your confussion (not that I want to make you suffer, but...):
take a look at this experiment of Lijun Wang, where he reports a negative group velocity of -310c
http://physicsweb.org/articles/news/4/7/8/1
 
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  • #32
Well I was just about to call 911 until I read :

"There is no widespread agreement among physicists about the speed at which information is carried by pulses in such experiments."

and :

"The team intend to analyse this further..."

Whenever I get the chance, I'll look into this further. Cool stuff.
 
  • #33
I've been thinking today about this oddity called negative group velocity, then i',ve searched if there was such a thing called negative phase velocity and I've found this:
http://www.innovations-report.de/html/berichte/physik_astronomie/bericht-32117.html
"Whether viewed dimly through the haze and lights of a city or in all their glory in a pristine wilderness, the stars that surround the Earth are magnificent, and one day Earthlings will travel to some of the new planets that astronomers are locating. However, the stars we see are not necessarily where we think they are, according to an international research team.

"We know that the light from distant stars takes a very long time to reach the Earth," says Dr. Akhlesh Lakhtakia, distinguished professor of engineering science and mechanics, Penn State. "But, taking into account the distance a star will have moved while that light travels, we still may not be able to accurately locate the star.

Negative phase velocity media or materials with negative refractive index may be responsible for this locational uncertainty. Recently, materials researchers at the University of California San Diego, working with micro and nano materials, developed a metamaterial that had a negative refractive index for microwaves, proving that negative phase materials could exist at least in the microwave part of the electromagnetic spectrum. Their requirements for this material were that both the relative permittivity, a measure of the charge separation in a material, and the relative permeability, a measure of how electrons loop in materials, of a substance must be less than zero."
I'm glad that at least there's no such a thing called negative front velocity or negative signal velocity. at least according to google
 
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