Can you make a more focused beam by using convex and concave lens?

In summary, putting a convex and concave lens in front of a light source can create a narrower, parallel beam, but only if the initial beam is collimated. This concept is similar to Archimedes' "death ray" and goes against the second law of thermodynamics. This type of optical system is also used in telephoto and retrofocus lenses. It is not possible to create a laser from a normal flashlight using this method, as it would violate the laws of thermodynamics.
  • #1
physics-james
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When you put a convex and then concave lens in front of a light source, the light will be parallel but narrower than when it came in such as in a laser beam expander/compressor. Using a pen laser and a convex and concave lens, is it possible to focus the beam by putting a convex then a concave lens in front of it using this method? Taking this to the extreme, would it allow you to create a laser from a normal flashlight with enough lens?
 
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  • #2
physics-james said:
When you put a convex and then concave lens in front of a light source, the light will be parallel but narrower than when it came in such as in a laser beam expander/compressor.

This is a common misconception. It's only true of the initial beam is collimated, which is a limiting case for a zero-size source. 'Beam concentrators', in the sense you are using, is conceptually identical to Archimedes' 'death ray' and both violate of the second law of thermodynamics.

https://apps.dtic.mil/dtic/tr/fulltext/u2/281847.pdf

The optical system you describe is the optical prescription for a telephoto lens
https://www.pencilofrays.com/lens-design-forms/#telephoto

Or, when reversed, a retrofocus (wide angle) lens:
https://www.pencilofrays.com/lens-design-forms/#retro
 
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Likes davenn

1. How do convex and concave lenses affect the focus of a beam?

Convex lenses converge light rays, bringing them to a focal point, while concave lenses diverge light rays, spreading them out. This means that using a combination of convex and concave lenses can alter the focus of a beam of light.

2. Can using a convex and concave lens together create a more focused beam than using just one type of lens?

Yes, using a convex and concave lens together can create a more focused beam than using just one type of lens. This is because the convex lens brings the light rays to a focal point, and then the concave lens further converges the rays, resulting in a more focused beam.

3. How do you determine the best combination of convex and concave lenses for creating a focused beam?

The best combination of convex and concave lenses for creating a focused beam depends on the specific properties of the lenses, such as their focal lengths and curvature. It is important to calculate the focal length and magnification of each lens and then use the appropriate formula to determine the best combination for the desired focus.

4. Are there any limitations to using convex and concave lenses for creating a more focused beam?

Yes, there are limitations to using convex and concave lenses for creating a more focused beam. One limitation is that the lenses must be positioned at a specific distance from each other to achieve the desired focus. Additionally, the lenses may introduce distortions or aberrations in the beam, which can affect the quality of the focus.

5. Can the use of convex and concave lenses be applied to all types of light beams?

No, the use of convex and concave lenses may not be applicable to all types of light beams. This method is most commonly used for visible light, but may also be used for other types of electromagnetic radiation, such as infrared or ultraviolet light. However, it may not be effective for other types of beams, such as sound waves or particle beams.

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