Change in potential energy of expanded air in piston-cylinder

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SUMMARY

The discussion centers on calculating the change in potential energy of air in a piston-cylinder assembly, where air is heated and expands by 1.6 ft³ at constant pressure. The mass of the air is 0.6 lb, and the local acceleration due to gravity is 32.0 ft/s². A key point of contention is whether to use the change in the center of gravity (CG) location or the top surface elevation for potential energy calculations. The consensus indicates that the change in potential energy should be negligible, as the internal energy change of the piston is more relevant in this scenario.

PREREQUISITES
  • Understanding of thermodynamics principles, particularly related to piston-cylinder assemblies.
  • Familiarity with potential energy calculations in physics.
  • Knowledge of the relationship between pressure, volume, and temperature in gases.
  • Basic concepts of center of gravity and its implications in mechanical systems.
NEXT STEPS
  • Study the principles of thermodynamics as applied to piston-cylinder systems.
  • Learn about potential energy calculations in fluid mechanics.
  • Research the effects of pressure and volume changes on internal energy in gases.
  • Examine case studies involving center of gravity calculations in mechanical systems.
USEFUL FOR

This discussion is beneficial for mechanical engineers, thermodynamics students, and anyone involved in the design and analysis of piston-cylinder systems in engineering applications.

Danny_aero
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Thread moved from the technical forums to the schoolwork forums
Air is heated in a vertical piston–cylinder assembly fitted with an electrical resistor. The volume of the air slowly increases by 1.6 ft^3 while its pressure remains constant. The area of the piston is 1 ft^2. The mass of the air is 0.6 lb. The local acceleration of gravity is g = 32.0 ft/s^2.

Question: Find the change in potential energy of the air in Btu.

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My calculation:
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My answer is exact half as the book's answer.
I use the change of CG location to compute the elevation change. But it seems that the book uses the change of volume's top surface, which makes me confused. Shouldn't I use the height change of the CG instead of the height change of the top surface?

My thought is that:
If 1.6ft is used in height change, doesn't it mean that the whole volume and all the air molecules have risen for 1.6ft? But it shouldn't be the case, right? If the air is distributed evenly, there should be some air molecules stay on the bottom and some molecules move upwards for a little distance but absolutely not that much as 1.6ft higher. So, not all air molecules rise 1.6ft and ∆PE shouldn't be mg x (1.6ft).
 
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I agree with you.
If we would double the volume, the location of the new CG would at the height the bottom of the piston initially occupies.
 
This problem from Moran et al clearly indicates that the change in potential energy of the air is negligible. In part b, they determine the change in internal energy of the piston (not the air) when they consider the piston as part of the "system." The vertical displacement of the piston times the weight of the piston is its change in potential energy.
 
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