How Does Changing Variables Affect Integrals in Calculus?

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Changing variables in integrals involves using the Jacobian determinant to transform the integral's limits and variables. The discussion highlights the need to differentiate the variable x with respect to u when x is expressed as a function of u and v. Participants clarify that y' can be expressed as dy/du divided by dx/du, resolving initial confusion about the terms. Understanding these relationships is crucial for correctly applying the chain rule in calculus. The conversation emphasizes the importance of careful differentiation when changing variables in integrals.
LCSphysicist
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Homework Statement
I am having a little trouble to see how the changes of variables works here.
Relevant Equations
Functionals.
Be ##x = x(u,v) y = y(u,v)##, if ##F = \int f(x,y,y')dx## and the Jacobian's determinant different of zero, ##v = v(u)##
##{\Large {J = \int F[x,y,y']dx ---> \int F[x(u,v),y(u,v),\frac{y_{u} + y_{v}v'}{x_{u} + x_{v}v'}](x_{u} + x_{v}v')du}}##

The last term in the bracket is confusing me, how to get it?
 
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You have ##x = x(u, v(u))## and you need ##\frac{dx}{du}##. Can you do that differentiation?
 
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PeroK said:
You have ##x = x(u, v(u))## and you need ##\frac{dx}{du}##. Can you do that differentiation?
Oh, so we can do y' = dy/dx = dy/du/dx/du, i was confusing terms, but now it is ok, thx
 
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Question: A clock's minute hand has length 4 and its hour hand has length 3. What is the distance between the tips at the moment when it is increasing most rapidly?(Putnam Exam Question) Answer: Making assumption that both the hands moves at constant angular velocities, the answer is ## \sqrt{7} .## But don't you think this assumption is somewhat doubtful and wrong?

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