Graduate Comoving distance, causality volume and entropy

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The discussion focuses on calculating the time derivative of entropy for the Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) in a matter-dominated universe. The user is struggling with equations related to comoving distance and volume integrals, particularly in relation to spatial curvature. There is clarification that in a matter-dominated universe, there is no cosmological horizon, which affects the calculations. The entropy of a photon gas is highlighted as a function of temperature, emphasizing the simplicity of its evolution over time. Assistance is requested for resolving the integrals to find the correct expression for the entropy derivative.
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Hello everyone !

I try to find the expression of the time derivative of the entropy for the CMB (photon gas) but I am stuck with the calculations.

We are in the matter-domination area and at the present time (Ro=1). No radiation and no vacuum, only the curvature. The different equations are:

Eqcosmo.png


The problem is that the equations are resolved regardless of the spatial curvature of the universe. For the comoving distance I used :

Eqcosmo2.png


But I cannot find the same result. I have

Eqcosmo3.png


If I use a calculator I have an equation with logarithm and I do not find the previous result andI cannot find where is my mistake.

And I have a similar problem with the integral for the volume. With a calculator I have a monster with Arcsin and I cannot find the final expression for the entropy.

If someone could help me with the different steps for the two integrals so that I can find the expression for the derivative of the entropy.

Thank you !
 

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Why are you using equations for a horizon? There is no cosmological horizon in a matter-dominated universe.

For the time derivative of the entropy of the CMB photon gas, you just need the entropy of a photon gas (which is a function of its temperature), and how that photon gas evolves with time (which is pretty simple in a matter-dominated universe).
 
I always thought it was odd that we know dark energy expands our universe, and that we know it has been increasing over time, yet no one ever expressed a "true" size of the universe (not "observable" universe, the ENTIRE universe) by just reversing the process of expansion based on our understanding of its rate through history, to the point where everything would've been in an extremely small region. The more I've looked into it recently, I've come to find that it is due to that "inflation"...

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