Complex Numbers in a Simple Example that I am Very Confused

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Discussion Overview

The discussion revolves around the mathematical treatment of complex numbers, specifically the square root of negative numbers, using the example of ##(\sqrt{-4})^2##. Participants explore different interpretations and calculations related to this expression, touching on both theoretical and conceptual aspects.

Discussion Character

  • Exploratory
  • Debate/contested
  • Mathematical reasoning

Main Points Raised

  • One participant presents two methods for calculating ##(\sqrt{-4})^2##, suggesting that the first method leads to ##-4## while the second method seems to yield ##4##, expressing confusion over the validity of the second method.
  • Another participant points out that the formula ##\sqrt{a} \sqrt{b} = \sqrt{ab}## holds only if both ##a## and ##b## are nonnegative, indicating that the second method is incorrect due to the nature of the square root of negative numbers.
  • A later reply introduces the concept of multiple square roots in the complex domain, noting that ##-4## can be represented in different forms leading to two distinct square roots, ##2i## and ##-2i##, both of which square to ##-4##.

Areas of Agreement / Disagreement

Participants express disagreement regarding the validity of the second method for calculating ##(\sqrt{-4})^2##, with some asserting it is incorrect while others explore the implications of complex numbers further. The discussion remains unresolved as different interpretations of complex square roots are presented.

Contextual Notes

Limitations include the dependence on the definitions of square roots in the complex domain and the unresolved nature of the calculations presented, particularly regarding the handling of negative numbers under square roots.

Arman777
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There a simple math example that I am confused ##(\sqrt {-4})^2##
there's two ways to think
1-##\sqrt {-4}=2i## so ##(2i)^2=4i^2## which its ##-4##
2-##\sqrt {-4}##.##\sqrt {-4}##=##\sqrt {-4.-4}=\sqrt{16} =4##

I think second one is wrong but I couldn't prove how, but I think its cause ##\sqrt {-4}## is not "reel" number so we cannot take them into one square root
 
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edit: wrong suggestion

the formula for finding nth roots of a complext number is this (slightly complicated):

https://www.math.brown.edu/~pflueger/math19/1001%20Complex%20roots.pdf
 
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Arman777 said:
2-##\sqrt {-4}##.##\sqrt {-4}##=##\sqrt {-4.-4}=\sqrt{16} =4##

I think second one is wrong but I couldn't prove how, but I think its cause ##\sqrt {-4}## is not "reel" number so we cannot take them into one square root
It's "real" number, not "reel" number.

Formula 2 is incorrect. ##\sqrt a \sqrt b = \sqrt{ab}## only if both a and b are nonnegative.
 
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Thx a lot.My typo
 
Well - in the complex domain things are not the same as they are in the real domain. First, you have -4=4e^{\pi i} so you might think that \sqrt{-4}=2e^{\frac{\pi}{2} i} = 2i. But you also have -4=4e^{3\pi i} and therefore \sqrt{-4}=2e^{\frac{3\pi}{2} i}=-2i. Squaring either of the roots brings you back to -4.
 
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