Conservation of momentum in an oblique launch and projectile explosion

Click For Summary
SUMMARY

The discussion focuses on the conservation of momentum in the context of an oblique launch and projectile explosion. Key equations include the relationship between initial velocity and the velocities of fragments post-explosion, specifically using the formula \(3\vec{v_0} = \vec{v_1} + 2\vec{v_2}\). Participants emphasize the importance of analyzing both vertical and horizontal components of momentum, particularly under the condition of equal fall times for the fragments. The use of the center of horizontal momentum frame is highlighted as a critical method for simplifying calculations.

PREREQUISITES
  • Understanding of conservation of momentum principles
  • Familiarity with projectile motion equations
  • Knowledge of vector decomposition in physics
  • Ability to manipulate trigonometric functions in physics contexts
NEXT STEPS
  • Study the application of conservation of momentum in explosive scenarios
  • Learn about vector decomposition and its role in analyzing projectile motion
  • Explore the center of mass and center of momentum concepts in physics
  • Investigate the effects of energy release during explosions on momentum
USEFUL FOR

Physics students, educators, and professionals interested in advanced mechanics, particularly those studying projectile motion and momentum conservation in explosive events.

TheGreatDeadOne
Messages
22
Reaction score
0
Homework Statement
A projectile of mass m is fired with initial velocity of module v_0 at an elevation angle of 45◦. The projectile explodes in the air in two pieces of masses m/3 and 2m/3. The pieces continue to move in the same plane as the entire projectile and reach the ground together. The smaller piece falls at a distance of 3(v_0)^2 /2g from the launch point. Determine the range of the largest chunk. Neglect air resistance
Relevant Equations
..
This problem I already solved using another resource (just get the coordinate of the center of mass reach and from it, get to the larger mass. R = (3v02) / (4g)). But I'm having some trouble calculating using moment conservation. Here what I've done so far:

$$ 3\vec v_0 = \vec v_1 +2\vec v_2 $$

As the fragments fall in the same time interval, the vertical components of their velocities are the same, since in the act of the explosion, they depart from the same height:
$$ 3(\cos{\theta},\sin{\theta})= (v_{1,x},v_{1,y}) + 2(v_{2,x},v_{2,y})
=(v_{1,x},v_{1,y}) + 2(v_{2,x},v_{1,y})$$
$$ \therefore v_0 \sin{\theta}=v_{1,y}$$
In addition, we can equalize the fall time intervals of each fragment using the horizontal component of each fragment (uniform movement):
$$ (v_{1,x},v_{1,y})= (v_0\cos{\theta},v_{0}\sin{\theta})$$
$$ (v_{2,x},v_{2,y})= (2v_0\cos{\theta},2v_{0}\sin{\theta})$$
Range:
$$t_1=t_2$$
$$\frac{R_1}{v_{1,x}}=\frac{R_2}{v_{2,x}}$$
$$R_2=\frac{R_1 v_{2,x}}{v_{1,x}}=\frac{3v_0^2}{g}$$
 
Last edited:
Physics news on Phys.org
I don't understand what you're doing. You could use the centre of horizontal momentum frame. Also, the y-momentum can be taken out of the equations, because of the equal time condition, leaving you to focus on the x-momentum.
 
PeroK said:
I don't understand what you're doing. You could use the centre of horizontal momentum frame. Also, the y-momentum can be taken out of the equations, because of the equal time condition, leaving you to focus on the x-momentum.
I used the center of horizontal momentum frame. I just used the y-moment to find the angle of the velocity component, so I can write the velocity in the horizontal direction. I'll edit the equations to make it clearer
 
TheGreatDeadOne said:
I used the center of horizontal momentum frame. I just used the y-moment to find the angle of the velocity component, so I can write the velocity in the horizontal direction. I'll edit the equations to make it clearer
I think if you are given ##\theta = \frac \pi 4##, then in a problem like this you should be using ##\cos \theta = \frac 1 {\sqrt{2}}##.
 
TheGreatDeadOne said:
$$ 3(\cos{\theta},\sin{\theta})= (v_{1,x},v_{1,y}) + 2(v_{2,x},v_{2,y})
=(v_{1,x},v_{1,y}) + 2(v_{2,x},v_{1,y})$$
$$ \therefore v_0 \sin{\theta}=v_{1,y}$$
In addition, we can equalize the fall time intervals of each fragment using the horizontal component of each fragment (uniform movement):
$$ (v_{1,x},v_{1,y})= (v_0\cos{\theta},v_{0}\sin{\theta})$$

If I have correctly understood what you are doing, I think your key mistake is saying$$(v_{1,x},v_{1,y})= (v_0\cos{\theta},v_{0}\sin{\theta})$$This implies the x-component of ##m_1##’s momentum is unchanged by the explosion – as if the original mass divided into two but the two parts didn’t move apart. But, for example, a significant release of energy in the explosion could make ##v_{1,x}## any value, whereas ##v_0\cos{\theta}## would be unaffected.

For information$$3(\cos{\theta},\sin{\theta})= (v_{1,x},v_{1,y}) + 2(v_{2,x},v_{2,y}) =(v_{1,x},v_{1,y}) + 2(v_{2,x},v_{1,y})$$should be$$3v_0(\cos{\theta},\sin{\theta})= (v_{1,x},v_{1,y}) + 2(v_{2,x},v_{2,y}) = (v_{1,x},v_{1,y}) + 2(v_{2,x},v_{1,y})$$(But this is just a typo'.)
 
  • Like
Likes   Reactions: TheGreatDeadOne

Similar threads

Replies
15
Views
2K
Replies
42
Views
3K
  • · Replies 9 ·
Replies
9
Views
1K
  • · Replies 9 ·
Replies
9
Views
1K
Replies
10
Views
2K
  • · Replies 6 ·
Replies
6
Views
2K
  • · Replies 36 ·
2
Replies
36
Views
4K
  • · Replies 6 ·
Replies
6
Views
3K
  • · Replies 5 ·
Replies
5
Views
3K
Replies
11
Views
3K