Creating a Uniform Magnetic Field for Penning Traps without Electromagnets

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Creating a uniform magnetic field for Penning traps without electromagnets poses challenges since electromagnets are typically used for their ability to generate controlled magnetic fields. Alternatives to electromagnets include permanent magnets or superconducting materials, which can provide a stable magnetic field. The discussion highlights the importance of achieving a uniform B field alongside an electric field for effective particle confinement. The mention of Helmholtz coils illustrates a common method for generating uniform fields, but the focus remains on exploring non-electromagnetic solutions. Overall, the conversation emphasizes the need for innovative approaches to achieve the desired magnetic field uniformity.
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i understand that a penning trap needs a uniform B field and an electric field to confine charged particles, but how would one make a uniform magnetic field that doesn't use electromagnets?
 
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lamonster said:
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