Critical field for a superconductor - why?

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Discussion Overview

The discussion centers around the existence of a critical magnetic field for Type I superconductors and the underlying reasons for this phenomenon. Participants explore the energy dynamics involved in the superconducting state and question whether a similar critical field exists for materials that exhibit zero resistance but are not superconducting.

Discussion Character

  • Exploratory
  • Technical explanation
  • Conceptual clarification
  • Debate/contested

Main Points Raised

  • One participant explains that the critical field exists due to energy balance, where the superconducting state is energetically favorable until the energy penalty of excluding magnetic flux becomes greater than the energy savings from condensation into Cooper pairs.
  • Another participant questions whether a critical field exists for a zero-resistance material, referencing a source that suggests it does, and seeks clarification on this point.
  • A later reply asserts that since a non-superconducting zero-resistance material does not exist, there is no critical field applicable to such a theoretical discussion.
  • Participants also inquire about the differences in behavior between the Meissner effect in superconductors and the behavior of perfect conductors.

Areas of Agreement / Disagreement

Participants express differing views on the existence of a critical field for zero-resistance materials, with some suggesting it may exist based on literature, while others argue that it does not apply due to the non-existence of such materials. The discussion remains unresolved regarding this aspect.

Contextual Notes

The discussion involves theoretical considerations and assumptions about the nature of zero-resistance materials and their comparison to superconductors. There are unresolved questions about the definitions and behaviors of superconductors versus perfect conductors.

Who May Find This Useful

This discussion may be of interest to those studying superconductivity, materials science, and theoretical physics, particularly in the context of magnetic fields and energy states in different materials.

postscript07
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Cool a cylinder made from a Type I superconducting material below the superconducting transition temperature.

Apply a magnetic field parallel to the cylinder. The cylinder expels the flux.. up until the field reaches a critical value.

Why does a critical value exist? That is, why doesn't the cylinder expel magnetic flux independent of the field strength?

Many thanks.
 
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In short, it is a question of energy balance. The superconducting state has lower energy due to "condensation" of electrons into Cooper pairs. In the absence of a strong field, it is energetically favorable to be in the superconducting state.

The expelled flux, however, exerts a pressure inwards and this represents an unfavorable energy situation. As the field strength rises, the energy penalty to exclude flux exceeds the energy savings of condensation, and the material goes normal.
 
Thank you marcusl, that is very helpful.

Does a critical field exist for a zero-resistance (not superconducting) cylinder? Hall (1st ed Manchester) p264 suggests this is the case. Why?
 
postscript07 said:
Thank you marcusl, that is very helpful.

Does a critical field exist for a zero-resistance (not superconducting) cylinder? Hall (1st ed Manchester) p264 suggests this is the case. Why?
Since a non-SC zero resistance material doesn't exist, this is a theoretical discussion. There is no critical field so far as I know.

Do you know the difference in behavior between the Meissner effect (SC) and a perfect conductor?
 

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