Curious definite integral : sine integral times exponential

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SUMMARY

The integral equation \(\int_0^\infty \mathrm{Si}(ax)e^{-x}\mathrm{d}x=\mathrm{atan}(a)\) has been established, where \(\mathrm{Si}(x)\) represents the sine integral function defined as \(\mathrm{Si}(x)=\int_0^x \frac{\mathrm{sin}x}{x}\mathrm{d}x\). The proof involves expanding \(\mathrm{Si}(x)\) using Taylor series, revealing a significant relationship between the coefficients of the series and the Gamma function. This integral showcases a broader category of integral definitions that can be simplified through specific mathematical transformations.

PREREQUISITES
  • Understanding of integral calculus, specifically improper integrals.
  • Familiarity with the sine integral function, \(\mathrm{Si}(x)\).
  • Knowledge of Taylor series expansions and their applications.
  • Basic understanding of the Gamma function and its properties.
NEXT STEPS
  • Research the properties and applications of the sine integral function, \(\mathrm{Si}(x)\).
  • Study Taylor series and their convergence in the context of integral calculus.
  • Explore the Gamma function and its relationship with various integral forms.
  • Investigate other integral equations involving exponential functions and their simplifications.
USEFUL FOR

Mathematicians, students of advanced calculus, and researchers interested in integral equations and their applications in mathematical analysis.

hmiamid
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Hello PF,

I just found a curious integral. I wondered if it comes from a bigger group of integral definitions:
\int_0^\infty \mathrm{Si}(ax)e^{-x}\mathrm{d}x=\mathrm{atan}(a)
Where Si(x) is the sine integral function \mathrm{Si}(x)=\int_0^x \frac{\mathrm{sin}x}{x}\mathrm{d}x
I proved the equation by developing Si(x) in Taylor series and there is a nice simplification between Si Taylor coefficients and the Gamma function.
 
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Sure something like

$$\int_0^\infty \! \! \! \left\{ \int_0^x \mathrm{f}( \tau ) \, \mathrm{d} \tau \right\} e^{-s \, x}\mathrm{d}x=\dfrac{1}{s} \int_0^\infty \mathrm{f}( x ) \, e^{-s \, x}\mathrm{d}x$$
 

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