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Benevito
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Why does the presence of an energy gap in QHE guarantee dissipationless current flow?
The Current Hall Effect is a phenomenon in which a magnetic field perpendicular to an electric current causes a voltage difference across a conductor. This effect was discovered by Edwin Hall in 1879.
The Quantum Hall Effect is a quantum mechanical version of the Hall Effect, observed in two-dimensional electron systems at very low temperatures and strong magnetic fields. It was discovered by Klaus von Klitzing in 1980 and earned him the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1985.
The Hall Effect is caused by the Lorentz force, which is the force experienced by a charged particle moving in a magnetic field. In the case of the Hall Effect, this force causes a separation of charges in the conductor, resulting in a voltage difference.
The Hall Effect is measured using a Hall probe, which consists of a thin strip of conductive material with a voltage measuring device attached. When placed in a magnetic field and subjected to an electric current, the probe will detect a voltage difference across its edges.
The Hall Effect has many practical applications, including measuring magnetic fields in electronic devices, such as smartphones and computers, and in scientific instruments, such as mass spectrometers. It is also used in the automotive industry for speed and position sensing in vehicles. Additionally, the Quantum Hall Effect has led to the development of the International System of Units (SI) for electrical resistance.