You title this "derivatives help", but then say "I am trying to solve this equation". But then you do NOT give any equation, rather a function [itex]f(x)= x^3+ x^2- 2x+ 3[/itex].
I think you are trying to find the equation of the tangent line at (1, -3). You have below that [itex]3x^2+ 2x- x[/itex] but don't say what that is! I think you meant to find the derivative but, if so, it is wrong. "[itex]3x^2[/itex]" is the derivative of [itex]x^3[/itex], "[itex]2x[/itex]" is the derivative of [itex]x^2[/itex] and "0" is the derivative of the constant -3, but the derivative of "[itex]-2x[/itex]" is -2, NOT x.
The derivative is [itex]3x^2+ 2x- 2[/itex]. Evaluate that at x= 1 to find the slope of the tangent line.
You have the formula "[itex]y- y_0= m(x- x_0)[/itex]" up on the right side. That is, of course, the equation of a line through the point [itex](x_0, y_0)[/itex] with slope m. But you don't use that or write the equation of the tangent line in that form. I see "[itex]-3= 4(1- x_0)[/itex]". In addition to the incorrect slope (4 is wrong), you have x and [itex]x_0[/itex] reversed. "[itex]x_0[/itex]" is the "1" of (1, -3).
And, no, the "chain rule" has nothing to do with this.