Determining Speed given Horizontal and Vertical Distances

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To determine the speed at which the girl threw the ball, the problem involves calculating both vertical and horizontal components of motion using kinematic equations. The ball reaches a height of 21.0m and travels a horizontal distance of 20.0m. An initial calculation suggests a speed of 22.5 m/s, but further clarification is needed on the methodology used to arrive at this answer. Participants emphasize the importance of showing work for better guidance and understanding. A straightforward approach using the appropriate equations can yield the solution efficiently.
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Homework Statement


A girl throws a ball high into the air, and at its highest point it lands on a roof, where it gets stuck. You estimate the ball landed at a height of 21.0m from the ground and a horizontal distance of about 20.0m from where it was thrown. What is the speed that the girl threw the ball at?

Homework Equations


vfy = viy + ay(delta t)
vfy^2 = viy^2 + 2ay(delta y)
vfx = vix + ax(delta t)
x = vix (delta t) + 1/2(ax)(delta t)^2
y = viy (delta t) + 1/2 (ay) (delta t)^2
v = sqrt (vx^2) + (vy^2)

The Attempt at a Solution


It would take an enormous amount of space to replicate my work (and this would honestly be no better than spam), but the answer I found was 22.5 m/s. Please help me.
 
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It wouldn’t help your understanding much for us to just tell you how to do it, so I’m afraid you will have to show us your attempts so we can subtly suggest and guide.

However, I can say it shouldn’t take an enormous amount of work. There is a straight forward approach with a couple of those equations that takes only a little work.
 
The book claims the answer is that all the magnitudes are the same because "the gravitational force on the penguin is the same". I'm having trouble understanding this. I thought the buoyant force was equal to the weight of the fluid displaced. Weight depends on mass which depends on density. Therefore, due to the differing densities the buoyant force will be different in each case? Is this incorrect?

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