The discussion clarifies the differences between Intel's Dual Core and Core 2 Duo processors. Dual Core refers to Intel's older line of dual-core processors, while Core 2 Duo represents a newer generation that utilizes advanced technology. Both types feature two physical processors on a single die, but Core 2 Duo processors are built on a more modern architecture. Additionally, the Pentium Dual Core is distinct from the Core 2 Duo, as they belong to different processor classes. Core 2 Quad combines two Core 2 Duo processors, resulting in four cores, while the i7 series also features four cores but is part of a different architectural family, indicating significant design differences.