Discharging capacitor in a grounded circuit

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SUMMARY

The discussion focuses on the discharge of capacitors C1 and C2 in a grounded circuit, where C1 is initially charged and C2 is uncharged. The participants derive a differential equation using Kirchhoff's laws and Ohm's Law, specifically addressing the conservation of charge and the relationship between the voltages across the capacitors. A common concern is the expectation of an exponential decay in voltage, which is not reflected in the initial solutions presented. The importance of correctly accounting for the grounded portion of the circuit is emphasized to achieve accurate results.

PREREQUISITES
  • Understanding of Kirchhoff's laws
  • Familiarity with Ohm's Law
  • Knowledge of capacitor charge-voltage relationships (Q = CV)
  • Basic differential equations
NEXT STEPS
  • Study the derivation of the differential equation for capacitor discharge in RC circuits
  • Learn about the impact of grounding in electrical circuits
  • Explore the concept of current continuity in circuits using Kirchhoff's Current Law (KCL)
  • Investigate the mathematical solutions for capacitor voltage over time, focusing on exponential decay
USEFUL FOR

Electrical engineering students, circuit designers, and anyone studying transient analysis in electrical circuits will benefit from this discussion.

tourjete
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Homework Statement



In the circuit below, the capacitors labeled C1 and C2 both have capacitance C.
They are connected through a switch and a resistor of resistance R. Capacitor
C1 is initially charged with a potential V1(0) at time t = 0, while capacitor C2
is uncharged at time t=0.
At time t = 0, the switch is closed and the charge on C1 begins to move to C2.
Write a differential equation for the time dependence of V1(t) and V2(t). Solve
for the time dependence of the voltage across C2 for times after t = 0 when the
switch is closed

The circuit picture can be seen here: http://imgur.com/uy36j0z


Homework Equations



Kirchoff's laws
Ohm's Law
Q = CV for a capacitor



The Attempt at a Solution



Obviously, charge is conserved so Q_1(t) + Q_2(t) = Q_1(0). This also means that \frac{d Q_1}{dt} = -\frac{d Q_2}{dt} = 0.

I tried to use Kirchoff's laws and got:
0 = V_1(t) + IR + V_2(t) = \frac{Q_1(t)}{C} + R \frac{dQ_1(t)}{dt} + \frac{Q_2(t)}{C} = \frac{Q_1(0)-Q_2(t)}{C} - R \frac{dQ_2(t)}{dt} + \frac{Q_2(t)}{C}.

However, I'm a little concerned here due to two things: Solving this differential equation gives something linear in time instead of exponential, as I intuitively know that it must be, and I haven't taken into account the portion of the circuit that is grounded. What am I doing wrong? (Once I find the charge it is trivial to get V from that)
 
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tourjete said:

Homework Statement



In the circuit below, the capacitors labeled C1 and C2 both have capacitance C.
They are connected through a switch and a resistor of resistance R. Capacitor
C1 is initially charged with a potential V1(0) at time t = 0, while capacitor C2
is uncharged at time t=0.
At time t = 0, the switch is closed and the charge on C1 begins to move to C2.
Write a differential equation for the time dependence of V1(t) and V2(t). Solve
for the time dependence of the voltage across C2 for times after t = 0 when the
switch is closed

The circuit picture can be seen here: http://imgur.com/uy36j0z


Homework Equations



Kirchoff's laws
Ohm's Law
Q = CV for a capacitor



The Attempt at a Solution



Obviously, charge is conserved so Q_1(t) + Q_2(t) = Q_1(0). This also means that \frac{d Q_1}{dt} = -\frac{d Q_2}{dt} = 0.

That last part at the end "=0" looks incorrect.

I tried to use Kirchoff's laws and got:
0 = V_1(t) + IR + V_2(t) = \frac{Q_1(t)}{C} + R \frac{dQ_1(t)}{dt} + \frac{Q_2(t)}{C} = \frac{Q_1(0)-Q_2(t)}{C} - R \frac{dQ_2(t)}{dt} + \frac{Q_2(t)}{C}.

However, I'm a little concerned here due to two things: Solving this differential equation gives something linear in time instead of exponential, as I intuitively know that it must be, and I haven't taken into account the portion of the circuit that is grounded. What am I doing wrong? (Once I find the charge it is trivial to get V from that)

I believe you have a sign error in the loop equation that you wrote. The signs of the two capacitor voltages should be opposite, IMO.

But I would approach the question a bit differently. You know the current is the same around the loop, so I would write the KCL at the two nodes (two sides of the resistor) and solve...
 

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