Distance Travelled by B After Circumnavigating A: 2\pi r

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Discussion Overview

The discussion revolves around the distance traveled by observer B after circumnavigating observer A while maintaining a constant distance in a theoretical context. Participants explore various scenarios involving gravitational effects, reference frames, and the implementation of an odometer in empty space.

Discussion Character

  • Exploratory
  • Technical explanation
  • Debate/contested

Main Points Raised

  • Some participants propose that if B circumnavigates A at a constant distance r, his odometer should read 2πr, particularly in the absence of significant gravitational influences.
  • Others argue that the implementation of an odometer in empty space poses challenges, questioning how one would accurately measure distance without a physical reference.
  • One participant suggests that if A and B's masses are small and their velocities are low, classical and relativistic corrections may not apply, supporting the idea that the odometer would read 2πr.
  • Another participant introduces the concept of Gaussian curvature, indicating that for large r, the odometer reading may differ from 2πr due to potential curvature effects in the space around A.
  • Different scenarios are presented regarding the mass relationship between A and B, suggesting that the odometer reading could vary: 2πr if A is much more massive, πr if A and B are of equal mass, and potentially zero if A is much less massive than B.

Areas of Agreement / Disagreement

Participants express differing views on the odometer readings based on the mass relationship between A and B, as well as the effects of curvature and gravitational influences. There is no consensus on a definitive answer, and multiple competing perspectives remain.

Contextual Notes

Limitations include assumptions about the masses of A and B, the effects of curvature in the surrounding space, and the practical implementation of measuring distance in a vacuum. The discussion does not resolve these complexities.

MeJennifer
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Observer A and B and a far away star are at rest with respect to each other, A and B are removed r meters from each other. B instantly starts to circumnavigate A and is making sure he is keeping a constant distance r from A. After one complete circumnavigation (he is using the star as a reference) he is looking at his odometer.

Does his meter show [itex]2\pi r[/itex]?
 
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..if he's far away from any star/mass, then isn't the answer yes? At least assuming the angular velocity is low? But how do you implement an odometer in empty space?
 
Well the presence of a distant star would allow A to navigate to a high degree of precision. If A and B's masses are small there should be no classical correction for gravity. If A's velocity is small there should be no SR corrections. If there are no nearby significant masses there should be no GR corrections.

And I assume A and B are large enough that there'd be no quantum corrections necessary.:biggrin:

I'd have to say yes, 2 pi r is the odometer reading. But then I'm only a chemist...
 
cesiumfrog said:
But how do you implement an odometer in empty space?
In the case of a "static solution" like the Schwarzschild spacetime, can't you do something like suspending a tape measure along the route the ship takes, and mark it in such a way that in the local inertial rest frame of a freefalling observer passing next to a given small section and instantaneously at rest with respect to it, the marks on that section are the correct distance apart?
 
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MeJennifer said:
Observer A and B and a far away star are at rest with respect to each other, A and B are removed r meters from each other. B instantly starts to circumnavigate A and is making sure he is keeping a constant distance r from A. After one complete circumnavigation (he is using the star as a reference) he is looking at his odometer.

Does his meter show [itex]2\pi r[/itex]?

In the limit, as r->0, he will read 2 \pi r, but for large r he may read something different.

The plane through A may have some non-zero Gaussian curvature.The formula in Wiki http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Curvature
(I haven't double checked this with my textbooks) gives

[tex] K = \lim_{r \rightarrow 0} (2 \pi r - \mbox{C}(r)) \cdot \frac{3}{\pi r^3}[/tex]

The existence of this limit implies that

[tex] \lim_{r \rightarrow 0} (2 \pi r - \mbox{C}(r))} = 0[/tex]
 
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If the circumnavigation is an orbit, and
1) if A is much more massive than B, then the odometer will read 2*pi*r.
2) if A and B are the same mass, the odometer will read pi*r.
3) if A is much less massive than B, the odometer will read zero.
 

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