Distinguishing 1st/2nd Order Phase Transformations in Crystals

  • Context: Graduate 
  • Thread starter Thread starter marie2010
  • Start date Start date
  • Tags Tags
    Phase Transformation
Click For Summary

Discussion Overview

The discussion centers on how to distinguish between first and second (and potentially third) order phase transformations in crystal structures, exploring both experimental and theoretical perspectives. It includes conceptual clarifications regarding the nature of these transitions and their significance.

Discussion Character

  • Conceptual clarification
  • Debate/contested

Main Points Raised

  • Some participants propose that first order phase transitions involve a release or intake of latent heat, while second order transitions do not.
  • One participant asserts that there are no third or higher order transitions, referencing a classification scheme by Ehrenfest that they claim was in error, suggesting that "discontinuous transitions" and "continuous transitions" are more accurate terms.
  • It is noted that in a discontinuous transition, the order parameter becomes zero discontinuously at the critical point, whereas in a continuous transition, it changes to zero continuously up to the critical point.
  • An example is provided where magnetization serves as an order parameter in ferromagnetic to paramagnetic transitions, illustrating the differences between first and second order transitions.
  • Another participant questions whether only second order transitions are reversible and seeks to understand the physical significance of distinguishing between transition orders.

Areas of Agreement / Disagreement

Participants express differing views on the classification of phase transitions, particularly regarding the existence of third order transitions and the implications of reversibility in first versus second order transitions. The discussion remains unresolved on these points.

Contextual Notes

Some limitations include potential misunderstandings of terminology and the dependence on specific definitions of order parameters and transition types. The significance of knowing the order of transition is also not fully explored.

marie2010
Messages
36
Reaction score
0
hi,
can someone explain to me how to distinguish (experimentally or theoretically) between 1st or 2nd (3rd?) order phase transformation in crystal structures.
Thank you in advance.
 
Physics news on Phys.org
A first order phase transition involves a release (or intake) of latent heat. A second order transition does not.

There are no third or high order transitions. The name comes from a classification scheme by Ehrenfest that was in error. Though the terminology has stuck around, better names would be discontinuous transitions (which are "first order") and continuous transitions (which are "second order").

In a discontinuous transition the order parameter becomes zero discontinuously at the critical point, whereas in a continuous transition the order parameter changes to zero continuously up to the critical point, and then remains zero afterwards. An order parameter, in case you are unaware of the terminology, is a measurable quantity which is zero in one phase of the material (the 'disordered' phase) and is non-zero in the other phase (the 'ordered' phase).

An example of an order parameter is magnetization in a magnet. At H = 0, there is a continuous transition from a ferromagnetic state (a net fraction of spins are aligned) to a paramagnetic state (M = 0) at a transition temperature Tc as T is increased. At H nonzero, but T less than Tc, the sign of M is equal to the sign of H (but the magnitudes are unrelated). If you flip the sign of H, M will change discontinuously.

Similar considerations will apply to crystal phase transitions.
 
Last edited:
Thank you for your great explanation. It really helps.
 
hi,
I still want to ask you the following: are only the 2nd order transitions reversible? What about the 1st order? I am trying to get some physical feel for how to distinguish between the transition orders and their significance, i.e. why is it important to know whether the transition was 1st or 2nd order?
Thanks in advance.
 

Similar threads

  • · Replies 1 ·
Replies
1
Views
3K
Replies
0
Views
2K
  • · Replies 5 ·
Replies
5
Views
3K
  • · Replies 1 ·
Replies
1
Views
2K
  • · Replies 6 ·
Replies
6
Views
3K
  • · Replies 10 ·
Replies
10
Views
3K
  • · Replies 5 ·
Replies
5
Views
2K
  • · Replies 1 ·
Replies
1
Views
2K
  • · Replies 14 ·
Replies
14
Views
4K
  • · Replies 1 ·
Replies
1
Views
2K