Doubt with centripetal acceleration

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Discussion Overview

The discussion revolves around the concept of centripetal acceleration in the context of curvilinear motion. Participants explore the definitions and relationships between tangential velocity, angular velocity, and centripetal acceleration, examining potential discrepancies in their formulations.

Discussion Character

  • Technical explanation
  • Conceptual clarification
  • Debate/contested

Main Points Raised

  • One participant presents two definitions of centripetal acceleration, questioning the frequent use of the second definition and its implications regarding the radius of curvature.
  • Another participant asserts that at any point on a circle, the velocity is the tangential velocity, suggesting a straightforward interpretation.
  • A participant clarifies their definition of tangential velocity as the component of velocity perpendicular to the position vector, referencing a Wikipedia article for support.
  • There is a discussion about the relationship between angular velocity and tangential velocity, with one participant expressing confusion over the use of different velocity terms in the definitions.
  • Another participant states that tangential velocity is equivalent to the total velocity, indicating a potential misunderstanding in the definitions being discussed.

Areas of Agreement / Disagreement

Participants do not reach a consensus on the definitions and relationships of the terms involved. Confusion and differing interpretations persist regarding the use of tangential velocity and its connection to centripetal acceleration.

Contextual Notes

Participants highlight the distinction between the polar radius and the radius of curvature, indicating that definitions may depend on specific contexts or assumptions that are not fully resolved in the discussion.

pc2-brazil
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Good afternoon,

For a body in a curvilinear motion moving with velocity \vec{v}, velocity can be divided into two components (see http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angular_velocity#Two_dimensions" Wikipedia article): a component parallel to the position vector (the radius), which changes the magnitude of the radius and is given by dr/dt, and a component perpendicular to the radius vector, called tangential velocity (vt or v_{\bot}), which changes the direction of the radius vector.
The angular velocity is determined by the the tangential velocity:
\omega = \frac{v_t}{r}
And the centripetal acceleration is given by:
a_c = \frac{v^2}{r} (1)
My question is: I have seen, in many places, that the centripetal acceleration can be written as:
a_c = r\omega^2 = \frac{v_t^2}{r} (2)
But it doesn't seem right. Why is it defined like this so frequently?
EDIT: I realized that, in definition (2), "r" is the polar radius, and not necessarily the radius of curvature of the trajectory. Definition (1) is true when "r" is the radius of curvature. Am I right?

Thank you in advance.
 
Last edited by a moderator:
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At any given point on the circle, the velocity is the tangential velocity.
 
mathman said:
At any given point on the circle, the velocity is the tangential velocity.
Yes, but I defined tangential velocity as the component of velocity perpendicular to the position vector, like the Wikipedia article to which I linked.
What I'm trying to understand is why definition (2) uses \omega = vt/r, while it seems that it should use v, not vt, in order to be compatible with (1) (I must be doing some confusion here).
 
Last edited:
I am not sure what the confusion is, but vt=v.
 

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