Efficiency of Heat Engines & Refrigerators: Is Impossible Possible?

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SUMMARY

The discussion centers on the efficiency of heat engines and refrigerators, specifically analyzing a heat engine's efficiency and a refrigerator's coefficient of performance (COP). The maximum efficiency of the heat engine was calculated as ηmax=0.667, while the claimed efficiency was ηclaim=0.5714, indicating that the engine operates below the Carnot limit. For the refrigerator, the maximum COP was determined to be COPmax=2.3, while the claimed COP was COPclaim=3.5, suggesting that the refrigerator exceeds theoretical limits. The conclusion drawn is that the system is impossible, as the refrigerator cannot output more work than the input work from the connected engine.

PREREQUISITES
  • Understanding of thermodynamic principles, particularly the Carnot cycle
  • Familiarity with efficiency calculations in heat engines
  • Knowledge of the coefficient of performance (COP) in refrigeration systems
  • Basic proficiency in temperature conversions, specifically to Kelvin
NEXT STEPS
  • Study the Carnot cycle and its implications for heat engine efficiency
  • Research the principles of thermodynamic cycles and their real-world applications
  • Learn about the limitations of refrigeration systems and the implications of exceeding COP
  • Explore advanced thermodynamic concepts such as exergy and irreversibility in heat engines
USEFUL FOR

Students and professionals in mechanical engineering, thermodynamics researchers, and anyone interested in the principles of heat engines and refrigeration systems.

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Homework Statement
An entrepreneur approaches you with an investment opportunity. This person has developed a new type of heat engine – refrigerator combination in which the net power output of the engine is used to drive the refrigerator. The heat engine, supplied with heat at the rate of Q(dot)_H= 1.75 kW from a reservoir at 727 °C, delivers W(dot) = 1 kW of mechanical work while rejecting heat to a sink at 60 °C.

The refrigeration unit has a cooling capacity Q(dot)_L = 3.5 kW and operates between a refrigerated region at – 20 °C and a high temperature heat sink at 90 °C.

Should you invest in this venture? Show appropriate calculations related to the laws of thermodynamics to justify your decision.
Relevant Equations
For the heat engine:
η_max=1-T_L/T_H
η_claim = W(dot)_out/Q(dot)_in

For the refrigerator:
COP_max=T_c/T_H-T_c
COP_claim=Q_c/w_in
For the heat engine:
First I converted all the temperatures to Kelvin,

ηmax=1-(333)/(1000)=0.667

ηclaim=(1*10^3)/(1.75*10^3)=0.5714

So the heat engine seems to be less efficient than a Carnot heat engine which means it can exist.

For the refrigerator:

COPmax=(253)/(363-253)=2.3

COPclaim=(3.5*10^3)/(1*10^3)=3.5

The refrigerators COP is greater than the theoretical maximum.

So does my work look all right?
I believe this system is impossible.
 
Physics news on Phys.org
The refrigeration section cannot deliver more work than the input work it receives from the engine to which is mechanically connected.
 

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