Einstein's Field Equations: Effective Potential Functions

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Discussion Overview

The discussion revolves around the concept of effective potential functions derived from solutions to Einstein's field equations, specifically questioning their existence beyond the Schwarzschild solution. Participants explore the applicability and definition of effective potentials in various spacetimes.

Discussion Character

  • Exploratory
  • Technical explanation
  • Debate/contested

Main Points Raised

  • One participant inquires about the existence of effective potential functions for solutions other than the Schwarzschild metric and requests resources that list these functions.
  • Another participant questions the use of the term "effective," arguing that most spacetimes are not static and thus cannot be described by a potential.
  • A further response elaborates on the term "effective," suggesting that the quantity \mathcal{L} can be treated similarly to a Lagrangian in 4-D Newtonian mechanics, although the terms involved do not represent true potential and kinetic energy.
  • One participant confirms that there are effective potentials for the Kerr-Newman metrics and mentions that with the necessary Killing fields, one can derive an effective 1D potential for particle dynamics, referencing specific sections in a textbook and several academic papers.
  • The same participant notes the lack of a comprehensive enumeration of effective potentials for all known solutions to the Einstein field equations and mentions effective potential methods in post-Newtonian approximation (PPN).

Areas of Agreement / Disagreement

Participants express differing views on the applicability of effective potentials in non-static spacetimes, with some asserting their existence in certain metrics while others challenge the terminology and concept itself. The discussion remains unresolved regarding the comprehensive listing of effective potentials for all solutions.

Contextual Notes

Limitations include the dependence on the definitions of effective potentials and the specific conditions under which they are applicable. The discussion does not resolve the broader applicability of effective potentials across all solutions to the Einstein field equations.

novice_hack
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I have seen written out in various places (including this forum) the effective potential function that comes from the solutions to the Schwarszschild Geodesic. But I haven't been able to find the effective potential functions for other solutions to Einstein's field equations. Are there effective potential functions for the other solutions? And if so, is there a resource where some or all of them are written out.
 
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Why "effective?"

Most spacetimes aren't static, and therefore can't be described by a potential.
 
bcrowell said:
Why "effective?"

Most spacetimes aren't static, and therefore can't be described by a potential.

I can explain why the use of the word "effective". You can treat the quantity [itex]\mathcal{L} = \frac{1}{2} g_{\mu \nu} \frac{dx^\mu}{ds} \frac{dx^\nu}{ds}[/itex] as if it were a Lagrangian in 4-D Newtonian mechanics. Then there are terms that look like "potential energy" and "kinetic energy" terms. They aren't really.
 
novice_hack said:
Are there effective potential functions for the other solutions?

Yes. There is an effective potential for the general family of Kerr-Newman metrics. As long as you have the necessary Killing fields you can get enough first integrals of motion to write down an effective 1D potential for the dynamics of a particle whose worldline respects the symmetries of the Killing fields. It is straightforward but tedious to calculate this effective potential. C.f. section 33.5 of MTW. See also http://arxiv.org/pdf/1103.1807.pdf, http://arxiv.org/pdf/1304.2142v1.pdf, and http://www.roma1.infn.it/teongrav/leonardo/bh/bhcap4.pdf

I do not know of an enumeration of effective potentials for every known solution to the EFEs. Note there are also effective potential methods in PPN.
 

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