Electric Potential, and Potential Difference

[Baumer8993]

In my physics class we are learning about electric potential right now. I know electric potential is electric potential energy with the charge divided out. I am curious if the potential difference is just the difference between the two points.

My thinking is we have point A, and B. The path goes from A to B. Point A has an electric potential of 100 volts, and point B has an electric potential of 0 volts. If I am correct in my thinking the potential difference between the two is -100 volts.

Am I conceptually right here? I find it hard to keep straight electric potential, potential difference, and electric potential energy.

 

[SHISHKABOB]

Yeah if you go from point A ---> point B, and you've got a potential of 100V at point A and 0V at point B, then the potential difference is B - A = 0V - 100V = -100V.

Electric potential is a value that tells you about a point in space. You can think of it as a "property" that is describing the electric field at a point. At point A the electric potential is 100V, it doesn't matter what kind of charge you put at that point, the electric potential at point A is always 100V.

Electric potential energy is a value that you use to describe the charged objects in electric fields. At point A, the electric potential energy of a charged object would be some number of eV (electron volts, a unit of energy). It depends on the electric potential, and thus the electric field, but it is a property of a given charged object in a field.

Electric potential describes points in a field. Electric potential energy describes objects in a field.

 

[Andrew Mason]

In my physics class we are learning about electric potential right now. I know electric potential is electric potential energy with the charge divided out. I am curious if the potential difference is just the difference between the two points.

My thinking is we have point A, and B. The path goes from A to B. Point A has an electric potential of 100 volts, and point B has an electric potential of 0 volts. If I am correct in my thinking the potential difference between the two is -100 volts.

Am I conceptually right here? I find it hard to keep straight electric potential, potential difference, and electric potential energy.

The potential difference of point a relative to point b, is determined by the force that the electric field exerts on a unit positive charge multiplied by the distance from a to b x the cosine of the angle between the direction of force and the distance. If you know calculus:

V = \int_a^b \vec{E}\cdot d\vec{s}.

The potential energy of a charge at a given point in an electric field has no meaning by itself. It only has meaning in reference to another point. So the only thing that matters is the potential difference. You can arbitrarily set one point at 0 if you like.

In order to determine the sign of the potential difference you have to use the force on a positive charge. So, for example, if the field pushes a positive charge from a to b the potential difference from a to b is positive. If you have to push the positive charge from a to b, the potential difference will be negative.

AM