Electron gun in a vacuum -- How hard of a vacuum is needed?

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Discussion Overview

The discussion centers on the vacuum requirements for an electron gun to function effectively, exploring various pressures and conditions necessary for generating an electron beam. Participants consider different contexts in which an electron gun might be used, including scientific experiments and practical applications.

Discussion Character

  • Exploratory
  • Technical explanation
  • Debate/contested
  • Experimental/applied

Main Points Raised

  • Some participants inquire about specific vacuum levels, such as 1 pascal or 0.1 pascal, and whether these are sufficient for an electron gun to operate.
  • One participant emphasizes that the definition of "working" for an electron gun can vary based on the intended application, suggesting that typical pressures in devices like CRTs are around 10-6 Torr.
  • Another participant mentions that generating an electron beam of at least 3 centimeters in length is a criterion for functionality.
  • Concerns are raised about the necessity of a vacuum, with one participant noting that electron beams can be produced in various environments, including atmospheric pressure.
  • A suggestion is made that a good vacuum of less than 10-4 Torr is needed for effective operation, particularly for specific applications.
  • Participants discuss the implications of using an electron gun for different purposes, such as exciting a rarefied gas or ensuring undisturbed electron travel to a target.
  • One participant shares their experience with an electron microscope, noting that it requires a pressure of 3 mTorr to activate the beam and continues to pump to lower pressures to avoid contamination.
  • Another participant references the Paschen Curve in relation to electrical discharges in gases, suggesting it may be relevant for understanding discharge conditions.
  • Discussion includes the concept of mean free path and its relation to beam attenuation at various pressures.

Areas of Agreement / Disagreement

Participants express differing views on the necessary vacuum levels for an electron gun to function, with no consensus on a specific pressure being universally applicable. The discussion remains unresolved regarding the optimal conditions for different applications of electron guns.

Contextual Notes

Participants highlight the variability in definitions of "working" based on specific applications, and the discussion includes references to different types of electron guns and their operational contexts. There are also mentions of the need for further exploration of concepts like mean free path and the Paschen Curve.

David lopez
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how high does a vacuum need to be for electron gun to work? for example, will 1 pascal work, will 1 tenth of a pascal work? is there a minimum vacuum for a electron gun to work?
 
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David lopez said:
how high does a vacuum need to be for electron gun to work? for example, will 1 pascal work, will 1 tenth of a pascal work? is there a minimum vacuum for a electron gun to work?
what reading have you done to try and find an answer ?
 
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David lopez said:
how high does a vacuum need to be for electron gun to work? for example, will 1 pascal work, will 1 tenth of a pascal work? is there a minimum vacuum for a electron gun to work?

That is not a well defined question. In particular, whether or not the electron gun "works" is more like "does it work in this particular instance?" The typical pressure i a CRT for example, is around ##10^{-6}## Torr. "Works" could mean different things, like "does it work for this particular process you are going to use it for?", not whether or not the electrons make to the target.
 
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as long as it generates an electron beam that is 3 centimeters long or longer, it works.
 
David lopez said:
as long as it generates an electron beam that is 3 centimeters long or longer, it works.
What is your accelerating voltage?
 
David lopez said:
as long as it generates an electron beam that is 3 centimeters long or longer, it works.

That still isn't well defined. An arc is an electron beam of sorts and an arc can happen at atmospheric pressure rather easily. You need to consider things like why you need a vacuum in the first place. You can get electrons from point A to point B in a lot of different environments. What does the vacuum buy you?
The answer to that question and the type of electron gun you have will determine your answer. Is it a pocket gun or is it just some electrodes and a filament producing a beam?
 
I suppose you want do to something useful with your setup so you will need a good vacuum less than 10-4 torr (< 0.013 Pa). see: http://tubecrafter.com/tubecrafter_012.htm
 
make an electron gun for a science fair. i am thinking thermionic emission.
 
David lopez said:
make an electron gun for a science fair. i am thinking thermionic emission.
But you still did not say what you tend to investigate.
For example, maybe you want the electrons to excite a rarefied gas within a tube so you see the electron beam, or maybe you want the electrons to travel undisturbed on their way to a target.
 
  • #10
if i want the electrons to excite a rarafied gas, is there a maximum pressure to make this work? work means, the
device produces an electron beam and you can see the beam.
 
  • #11
My electron microscope will not turn the beam on till it hits 3 mTorr and it continues to pump till it reaches a several times XE-6 Torr. At 1E-6 Torr, it still "cracks" background hydrocarbons onto the sample making a black spot.
The questioner should read about the Paschen Curve about electrical discharges in gasses if what he wants is a discharge.
 
  • #12
You used to get e-gun tubes with a mica window at the end andthe e-beam traveled through air, for a cm or a bit more - much like beta radiation.
The route to a general answer is to look at the attenuation vs distance at different pressures - and work out what attenuation you can stand, is it 10% or 90%? - mean free path would be at 50% attenuation
here's a start: http://www2.ece.rochester.edu/projects/bdt/files/Mean_Free_Path_MC
 

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