Elements with exceptional electronic configuration

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Discussion Overview

The discussion revolves around the electronic configurations of certain elements, specifically those with exceptional configurations, and how these configurations influence chemical reactivity. The scope includes theoretical considerations and implications for understanding atomic interactions.

Discussion Character

  • Exploratory, Technical explanation, Conceptual clarification, Homework-related

Main Points Raised

  • One participant notes that elements with exceptional electronic configurations, such as Rh, have partially filled outer shells, raising questions about their reactivity.
  • Another participant suggests that the exact ground states may not significantly impact reactivity predictions, proposing that one can use a hypothetical configuration for predictions.
  • A question is posed regarding whether the exceptional configuration can be simplified to a more typical electron configuration.
  • There is a request for clarification on the implications of the proposed approach to electronic configurations.
  • It is mentioned that elements like copper and chromium exhibit configurations that deviate from expectations based on Madelung's rule, yet their chemical behavior aligns with simpler models due to minimal energy differences.

Areas of Agreement / Disagreement

Participants express varying views on the relevance of exact electronic configurations for predicting chemical behavior, indicating that multiple competing perspectives exist without a clear consensus.

Contextual Notes

The discussion highlights the limitations of applying standard rules like Madelung's rule to elements with exceptional configurations, as well as the dependence on energy differences between predicted and actual configurations.

Who May Find This Useful

This discussion may be of interest to students and professionals in chemistry and physics, particularly those exploring atomic structure and chemical reactivity.

babita
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1. Homework Statement [/b

Some elements having exceptional electronic configuration have 2 shells having e not completely filled.
Like Rh has configuration 4s2 4p6 4d8 5s2
now when we study how atoms combine we consider only the outermost shell because it is the only one not filled completely
what happens in cases like above?



Homework Equations





The Attempt at a Solution

 
Last edited:
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Exact ground states of the elements don't matter much when it comes to the way they react. You can base your predictions on the configuration "that would be". Reason behind is that these exceptional configurations mean a very small energy difference between orbitals involved.
 
Do you mean we can consider the above configuration as 4s2 4p6 4d10 ?
 
Please elaborate on what you are trying to do.
 
You can base your predictions on the configuration "that would be"
what do you mean by this?
 
When you look at configurations of copper and chromium, they are different from what you would expect applying Madelung's rule. However, the differences in energy between both predicted and experimentally determined configurations are so small, chemistry of both elements mostly follows the "naive" approach.
 

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