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[QUOTE="vanhees71, post: 6823667, member: 260864"] I don't understand, what you think is wrong with this standard description. All we have are probabilities. In the case you described, the state in the Heisenberg picture is the vacuum, since the state in the Heisenberg picture is time independent, and the time evolution is entirely in the field operators. The probabilities, which are what's observable in QT, are given by the matrix elements of the statistical operator. For photons that's described in any textbook on quantum optics. See, e.g., J. Garrison and R. Chiao, Quantum optics, Oxford University Press, New York (2008), [URL]https://doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198508861.001.0001[/URL] which has a very detailed chapter on photon-detection theory. For photons it's of course the energy density, because there are no charge-like quantum numbers for photons. [/QUOTE]
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