Exact Differential Equations for Level Curves of u(x,y) = cos(x^2-y^2)

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SUMMARY

The discussion centers on finding the exact differential equation for the function u(x,y) = cos(x² - y²) and determining the level curves where u is constant. Initially, the user derived the partial derivatives and concluded that the equation was not exact, leading to the use of integrating factors. However, upon further analysis, they discovered that the derivatives dP/dy and dQ/dx are equal, confirming the equation's exactness. The final recommendation is to find the general solution without using integrating factors.

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Mark Brewer
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Homework Statement



Given u(x.y), find the exact differential equation du = 0. What sort of curves are the solution curves u(x,y) = constant? (These are called the level curves of u).

u = cos(x2 - y2)

The Attempt at a Solution


partial derivative du/dx = (-2x)sin(x2 - y2)dx
partial derivative du/dy = (2y)sin (x2 - y2)dy

P = (-2x)sin(x2 - y2)dx ; Q = (2y)sin (x2 - y2)dy

I found that they're not exact differential equations

so, I'm using integration factors.

1/Q(P dx - Q dy) = R(x)

(1/(2y)sin (x2 - y2))((-2x)sin(x2 - y2) - (2y)sin (x2 - y2)) = R(x)

I get, R(x) = -x/y

Then,

F = exp^(R(x))dx

I get, F = exp^((-x^2)/(2y))

Then,

M = FP and N = FQ

so,

M = (exp^((-x^2)/(2y)))((-2x)sin(x2 - y2))

and

N = (exp^((-x^2)/(2y)))((2y)sin (x2 - y2))

I then took the partial derivative of M in respect to y, and this is where I am getting stuck.

I also have to take the partial derivative of N in respect to x.

Any help would be much appreciated.
 
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At constant u,
$$du=\frac{\partial u}{\partial x}dx+\frac{\partial u}{\partial y}dy=0$$
What does this tell you about dy/dx?

Chet
 
Chestermiller said:
At constant u,
$$du=\frac{\partial u}{\partial x}dx+\frac{\partial u}{\partial y}dy=0$$
What does this tell you about dy/dx?

Chet

I believe it tells me that the partial derivatives are continuous
 
Mark Brewer said:
I believe it tells me that the partial derivatives are continuous

it may also tell me that the partials in respect to x and y are equal to u and 0...?
 
Checking for exactness,
P = (-2x)sin(x2 - y2)dx, Q = (2y)sin (x2 - y2)dy

dP/dy = (4xy)cos(x^2- y^2)
dQ/dx = (4xy)cos(x^2 - y^2)

dP/dy = dQ/dx, they are exact!
So, don't use the "integration factors", just find the general solution.
 

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