Expansion of positively and negatively curved universe

In summary, the Friedmann equation used in this conversation, which is given by H2=8πGρ/3-k/a2, has some issues that make it unsuitable for answering the question being discussed. These include giving incorrect information for when the expansion or contraction of space is taking place, and not working for the case of k=0. It is recommended to use a different form of the equation to accurately answer the question.
  • #1
Apashanka
429
15
From the friedmann equation H2=8πGρ/3-k/a2,
1=ρ/(3H2/8πG)-k/a2H2
1=ρ/ρc-k/adot2
adot=+-√[k/(ρ/ρc-1)]
It is therefore if expansion/contraction is taking place ,
Positively curved space will have ρ>ρc
And negatively curved will have ρ<ρc
Is it the case??
 
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  • #2
Apashanka said:
It is therefore if expansion/contraction is taking place ,
Positively curved space will have ρ>ρc
And negatively curved will have ρ<ρc
Is it the case??

Sort of. But the version of the Friedmann equation you keep on trying to use, in multiple threads now, is not suitable for answering this question.

Here is the equation you insist on trying to use (btw, it would be a good idea to learn how to use the PF LaTeX feature):

$$
\dot{a} = \pm \sqrt{\frac{k}{\frac{\rho}{\rho_c} - 1}}
$$

The first problem is that this equation gives incorrect information for ##\dot{a} = 0##.

The second problem (which came up in a previous thread) is that this equation doesn't work for ##k = 0##.

So I really don't understand why you keep on insisting on this form of the equation, when it has these problems.
 
  • #3
PeterDonis said:
Sort of. But the version of the Friedmann equation you keep on trying to use, in multiple threads now, is not suitable for answering this question.

Here is the equation you insist on trying to use (btw, it would be a good idea to learn how to use the PF LaTeX feature):

$$
\dot{a} = \pm \sqrt{\frac{k}{\frac{\rho}{\rho_c} - 1}}
$$

The first problem is that this equation gives incorrect information for ##\dot{a} = 0##.

The second problem (which came up in a previous thread) is that this equation doesn't work for ##k = 0##.

So I really don't understand why you keep on insisting on this form of the equation, when it has these problems.
Thanks
 

1. How do we know that the universe is expanding?

Scientists have observed that galaxies and other celestial objects are moving away from each other at an increasing rate. This phenomenon, known as the Hubble expansion, provides evidence that the universe is expanding.

2. What is the difference between a positively curved and a negatively curved universe?

A positively curved universe has a closed geometry, meaning that if you were to travel in a straight line in any direction, you would eventually return to your starting point. A negatively curved universe has an open geometry, meaning that straight lines will never intersect. This can be visualized as a saddle shape.

3. How does the curvature of the universe affect its expansion?

The curvature of the universe affects the rate of expansion. In a positively curved universe, the expansion will eventually slow down and reverse, leading to a "Big Crunch" where the universe collapses in on itself. In a negatively curved universe, the expansion will continue to accelerate, leading to a "Big Rip" where the universe tears apart.

4. Is it possible for the universe to have both positive and negative curvature?

Yes, it is possible for the universe to have a combination of positive and negative curvature. This is known as a mixed or flat universe, where the overall curvature is close to zero. In this case, the expansion of the universe will continue forever at a constant rate.

5. How does the expansion of the universe relate to the Big Bang theory?

The Big Bang theory states that the universe began as a singularity and has been expanding ever since. The expansion of the universe is a key piece of evidence for the Big Bang theory, as it explains the observed redshift of galaxies and the cosmic microwave background radiation. Additionally, the rate of expansion can help us estimate the age of the universe, which is currently estimated to be around 13.8 billion years old.

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