Newton discovered three primary laws of motion, known as Newton's First, Second, and Third Laws. These laws describe the relationship between the motion of an object and the forces acting on it. Additionally, there are other laws attributed to Newton, such as the law of universal gravitation and the law of cooling, but they are not classified as laws of motion. The discussion highlights a common misconception regarding the number of laws Newton is credited with. Overall, the consensus is that there are three fundamental laws of motion.