Find a cubic function that has horizontal tangents at two given points

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SUMMARY

The discussion focuses on finding a cubic function of the form \(y = ax^3 + bx^2 + cx + d\) that has horizontal tangents at the points (-2, 6) and (2, 0). The first derivative \(y' = 3ax^2 + 2bx + c\) must equal zero at these points, leading to two equations. Additionally, substituting the points into the original cubic function provides two more equations, resulting in a system of four equations with four unknowns (a, b, c, d). The solution involves solving this system, which can be approached using substitution or matrix methods.

PREREQUISITES
  • Understanding of cubic functions and their derivatives
  • Knowledge of solving systems of linear equations
  • Familiarity with point-slope form of a line
  • Basic proficiency in matrix operations (optional for advanced methods)
NEXT STEPS
  • Learn how to derive cubic functions from given points and tangents
  • Study methods for solving systems of linear equations, including substitution and elimination
  • Explore matrix operations and row reduction techniques for solving equations
  • Practice using software tools for symbolic computation, such as Wolfram Alpha or MATLAB
USEFUL FOR

Students studying calculus, particularly those focusing on polynomial functions, as well as educators and tutors looking for effective methods to teach cubic function analysis and derivative applications.

  • #31
As long as I have been working problems like this, and teaching Linear Algebra (one of my favorite courses) I still consider writing a system of equations as a matrix and row reducing to be more trouble than it is worth!

A general cubic is ax^3+ bx^2+ cx+ d. The fact that the point (2, 0) is on graph means that 8a+ 4b+ 2c+ d= 0. The fact that (-2, 6) is on the graph means that -8a+ 4b- 2c+ d= 6. The fact that there is a horizontal tangent at x= 2 means that 12a+ 4b+ c= 0. The fact that there is a horizontal tangent at x= -2 means that 12a- 4b+ c= 0. We need to solve those 4 equations for a, b, c, and d.

Adding 8a+ 4b+ 2c+ d= 0 and -8a+ 4b-2c+ d= 6 gives 8b+ 2d= 6 or d= 3- 4b. Adding 12a+ 4b+ c= 0 and 12a- 4b+ c= 0 gives 24a+ 2c= 0 or c= -12a. Putting those into the first and third equations gives 8a+ 4b+ 2(-12a)+ 3-4b= -16a+ 3= 0 or a= 3/16 and 12a+ 4b+ (-12a)= 4b= 0. Then c= -12a= -36/16= -9/4 and d= 3.
 

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