# Finding anitderivative using complex numbers and Euler

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1. Dec 31, 2016

### Rectifier

I have to find a primitive function below using the Euler formulas for $\sin x$ and $\cos x$

The problem

$$\int e^{2x} \sin 3x \ dx$$

Relevant equations

$\cos x = \frac{e^{ix}+e^{-ix}}{2} \\ \sin x = \frac{e^{ix}-e^{-ix}}{2i} \\ \\ \int e^{ix} \ dx = \frac{e^{ix}}{i}$

The attempt
$\int e^{2x} \sin 3x \ dx = \int e^{2x} \left( \frac{ e^{i3x}-e^{-i3x} }{ 2i } \right) \ dx = \frac{ 1 }{ 2i } \int e^{ 2x }e^{i3x}-e^{2x}e^{-i3x} \ dx = \frac{1}{2i} \int e^{(2+3i)x}-e^{(2-3i)x} \ dx \\ \frac{1}{2i} \int e^{(2+3i)x}-e^{(2-3i)x} \ dx = \frac{1}{2i} \left( \frac{e^{(2+3i)x}}{2+3i}- \frac{e^{(2-3i)x}}{2-3i} \right) \ + C$

Polar form for $z=2+i$
$2+3i = \sqrt{13}e^{i \arctan \left( \frac{3}{2} \right) }$

Polar form for $z=2-i$
$2-3i = \sqrt{13}e^{- i \arctan \left( \frac{3}{2} \right) }$

I am looking for a way to advance from this step in my solution process and am therefore not interested in any alternative ways other than using Eulers forumlas above to solve this problem.

2. Dec 31, 2016

### phyzguy

It looks good so far. After doing the integration, the next step should be to make the denominators of the two expressions real so that you can get to a common denominator and add them together. So multiply the first expression by $\frac{2-3i}{2-3i}$, and multiply the second expression by $\frac{2+3i}{2+3i}$.

3. Dec 31, 2016

### Ray Vickson

Do NOT express $2 + 3i$ in polar form; just use $e^{(2 + 3i)x} = e^{2x} e^{3ix}$ once again after you have done the integration. Using the polar form where it is not needed just makes everything worse.

4. Dec 31, 2016

### Rectifier

When I do that, I get

$\frac{1}{2i} \left( \frac{ e^{2x} e^{3ix} (2-3i)}{(2+3i)(2-3i)}- \frac{e^{2x}e^{-3ix}(2+3i)}{(2+3i)(2-3i)} \right) \ + C = \frac{1}{2i} \left( \frac{ e^{2x} e^{3ix} (2-3i) - e^{2x}e^{-3ix}(2+3i)}{13}\right) \ + C \\ = \frac{e^{2x}}{2i} \left( \frac{ e^{3ix} (2-3i) - e^{-3ix}(2+3i)}{13}\right) \ + C$

I get stuck here.

5. Dec 31, 2016

### Ray Vickson

Just use elementary algebra to express $(a +ib) \times (c + id)$ as $U +iV$; there are standard rules for doing that. Of course, you need to remember that $e^{\pm 3ix} = \cos(3x) \pm i \sin(3x).$

6. Dec 31, 2016