Force between Parallel Current Carrying Wires

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SUMMARY

The discussion centers on the forces between two parallel wires carrying currents in the same direction, specifically wire A with current I and wire B with current 2I. The correct conclusion is that both wires attract each other with the same force, confirming option A. This is supported by Newton's Third Law, which states that for every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction. The participants clarify that the magnetic field (B) produced by each wire must be calculated based on the current in the other wire, leading to the realization that the forces are indeed equal.

PREREQUISITES
  • Understanding of electromagnetic theory, specifically the force between current-carrying wires.
  • Familiarity with Newton's Third Law of Motion.
  • Knowledge of the formula for magnetic force: F = L I X B.
  • Ability to calculate magnetic fields produced by long straight conductors.
NEXT STEPS
  • Study the derivation of the magnetic field around a long straight wire using Ampère's Law.
  • Learn about the applications of Newton's Third Law in electromagnetic contexts.
  • Explore the concept of force between multiple current-carrying conductors in different configurations.
  • Investigate the implications of varying current magnitudes on the forces between parallel wires.
USEFUL FOR

Physics students, electrical engineers, and educators seeking to deepen their understanding of electromagnetic interactions and forces between conductors.

mitchy16
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Homework Statement


Two parallel wires have currents that have the same direction, but differing magnitude. The current in wire A is I, and the current in wire B is 2I. Which one of the following statements concerning the situation is true?
A) Both wires attract each other with the same force
B) Wire A attracts wire B with twice the force that wire B attracts wire A.
C) Wire A attracts wire B with half the force that wire B attracts wire A.
D) Wire A repels wire B with half the force that wire B attracts wire A.
E) Wire A repels wire B with twice the force that wire B attracts wire A.

Homework Equations


F = L I X B

The Attempt at a Solution


Okay, so I know that wires in the same direction will attract, so that removes options D and E. What I am unsure of though, is why the correct answer is A. While I was working this problem out, I assumed the force would be half that of wire B, due to the formula posted above. Why would the force be the same?
Any and all guidance is appreciated, thank you!
 
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mitchy16 said:
Why would the force be the same?
Have you heard of Newton's Third Law? If not calculate the force on each wire and be sure to put in the proper expression for B.
 
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kuruman said:
Have you heard of Newton's Third Law? If not calculate the force on each wire and be sure to put in the proper expression for B.
Yes, I had tried relating to Newton's Third Law, and that part makes sense, but if I were to solve for force, would it not be:

Wire A:
F = (L)(2I) X (B)
1/2F = (L)(I) X (B)
Wire B:
F = (L)(I) X (B)

I think I'm just missing something obvious, but I'm not sure what. Thanks!
 
What's B for a long wire? Put that in the expression. Of course for wire A you have to put in the B field due to wire B and vice versa for wire B.

On edit: It's a good idea to use subscripts "A" and "B" to distinguish currents and fields.
 
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mitchy16 said:
Wire A:
F = (L)(2I) X (B)
1/2F = (L)(I) X (B)
Wire B:
F = (L)(I) X (B)
The "bug" lies here. You need to find the force produced on wire A, (carrying current 2I), due to the field produced by by wire B(carrying current I) and vice a versa. The expressions you have used tells me, as well as it should tell you, that you have used the same B for both!?
 
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Let'sthink said:
The "bug" lies here. You need to find the force produced on wire A, (carrying current 2I), due to the field produced by by wire B(carrying current I) and vice a versa. The expressions you have used tells me, as well as it should tell you, that you have used the same B for both!?
OH, I understand my mistake now! Thank you so much, that clears it up.
 
The book claims the answer is that all the magnitudes are the same because "the gravitational force on the penguin is the same". I'm having trouble understanding this. I thought the buoyant force was equal to the weight of the fluid displaced. Weight depends on mass which depends on density. Therefore, due to the differing densities the buoyant force will be different in each case? Is this incorrect?

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