Galilean Relativity & Kinetic Energy

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Discussion Overview

The discussion revolves around identifying the reference frame in which an object undergoing a perfectly inelastic collision experiences no change in its kinetic energy. Participants explore various scenarios and frames of reference, including the center of mass frame and other potential frames, while addressing the implications of initial velocities and the nature of the collision.

Discussion Character

  • Debate/contested
  • Technical explanation
  • Conceptual clarification

Main Points Raised

  • One participant suggests that the reference frame can be found halfway between the initial and final rest frames, which is the common center of mass frame.
  • Another participant questions the applicability of this approach when the first object starts at a constant velocity and the second is at rest, seeking clarification on how to adapt the answer to this situation.
  • A different participant asserts that the center of mass system is defined by the total momentum being zero, indicating that a frame where both objects are at rest is not necessary.
  • Some participants note confusion regarding the type of collision (elastic vs. inelastic) and clarify that the center of mass frame may not be applicable for inelastic collisions.
  • It is mentioned that there are multiple frames that could satisfy the conditions, as boosts form a 3D vector space, allowing for various options even in one-dimensional scenarios.
  • Participants acknowledge misunderstandings in the formulation of the problem and clarify that the average velocity of the initial and final rest frames is relevant.

Areas of Agreement / Disagreement

Participants express differing views on the applicability of the center of mass frame and the relevance of initial conditions. There is no consensus on a single approach, and multiple competing views remain regarding the identification of the appropriate reference frame.

Contextual Notes

Some limitations arise from the ambiguity in the problem's formulation and the assumptions regarding the nature of the collision and the initial conditions of the objects involved.

Raungar
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How would one find the reference frame in which an object [which undergoes a perfectly inelastic collision with a second object] experiences no change in its kinetic energy?
 
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Raungar said:
How would one find the reference frame in which an object [which undergoes a perfectly inelastic collision with a second object] experiences no change in its kinetic energy?
Halfway (or rather half-speed) between initial and final rest frame (which in this case is the common center of mass frame).
 
Alright, but suppose the first object starts at a constant velocity and the second at rest; without an initial frame at which both are at rest, the conjecture you present ceases to be useful. So, how might your answer adapt to fit the aforementioned situation?
 
ATs answer already includes this situation. The center of mass system is the system in which the total momentum (the sum of the momenta of both objects) is zero. There is no need for a system where both are at rest to define this frame.

Edit: However, it should be pointed out that while this frame satisfies your condition, it is not unique.
 
Raungar said:
Alright, but suppose the first object starts at a constant velocity and the second at rest; without an initial frame at which both are at rest, the conjecture you present ceases to be useful. So, how might your answer adapt to fit the aforementioned situation?
A.T. is exactly correct. Your "suppose..." scenario is not relevant for this problem. You have to consider all reference frames and select the one which fits the problem's requirements. A.T. told you how to select it.
 
Some confusion might have arisen due to AT and us reading elastic instead of inelastic. AT's more general statement still holds: it is the system with the mean velocity of the objects initial and final velocities.
 
Orodruin said:
Some confusion might have arisen due to AT and us reading elastic instead of inelastic.
Oops, you are right. Usually this question is asked about an elastic collision.

The correct frame is indeed the one halfway between the initial and final rest frames (i.e. the object has equal velocity at the beginning and at the end), but it will most definitely not be the center of mass frame for an inelastic collision.
 
Well, to be more general, that frame is one such frame. Since there is only one condition and boosts form a 3d vector space (assuming 3d motion is allowed), more options exist.
 
Orodruin said:
Some confusion might have arisen due to AT and us reading elastic instead of inelastic.
No, I read perfectly inelastic.

DaleSpam said:
but it will most definitely not be the center of mass frame for an inelastic collision.
That part refereed the final rest frame, not the frame of constant KE. I now see it was ambiguously formulated. It should better read:

Average velocity of initial and final rest frame (the latter being the common center of mass rest frame in this case).
 
  • #10
Orodruin said:
assuming 3d motion is allowed, more options exist.
The OP doesn't explicitly state it must be an inertial frame, so there definitely are more options even in 1d, like the trivial rest frame of the object throughout the collision.
 
  • #11
A.T. said:
No, I read perfectly inelastic.

That part refereed the final rest frame, not the frame of constant KE. I now see it was ambiguously formulated. It should better read:

Average velocity of initial and final rest frame (the latter being the common center of mass rest frame in this case).

That indeed clears things up. I think everyone was reading it the other way and taking it from there.
 
  • #12
A.T. said:
That part refereed the final rest frame, not the frame of constant KE.
Wow! I am on a roll here. First I misunderstood the OP and then twice I misunderstood your post. I think I will just quit while I am behind!
 
  • #13
Thank you all for your input.
 

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