General question about torque of sphere

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SUMMARY

In the discussion regarding the torque of spheres, it is established that when comparing a larger sphere (R) and a smaller sphere (r) rolling down an incline, the smaller sphere will have a greater speed at the bottom. This conclusion is derived from the relationship between angular acceleration and moment of inertia, where the larger moment of inertia of the bigger sphere results in lower acceleration. The energy conservation principle, specifically the equation Energy at top of ramp = energy at bottom of ramp, is emphasized as a clearer approach to understanding the dynamics involved, incorporating both translational and rotational kinetic energy.

PREREQUISITES
  • Understanding of rotational dynamics and torque
  • Familiarity with moment of inertia calculations
  • Knowledge of energy conservation principles in physics
  • Ability to relate linear and angular motion (v and ω)
NEXT STEPS
  • Study the concept of moment of inertia for solid and hollow spheres
  • Learn about the relationship between linear velocity and angular velocity
  • Explore the principles of energy conservation in mechanical systems
  • Investigate the effects of ramp angle on rolling motion
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Students studying physics, particularly those focusing on mechanics, as well as educators seeking to clarify concepts related to rotational motion and energy conservation.

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Homework Statement



if i have 2 spheres, one big sphere and one small (R>r),
both are rolling from the same point down the way.

at the end of the way, which sphere would have bigger speed?

i thought the smaller sphere would have, since,
angular acceleration = (f * r ) / I = f / (0.4MR)
now if R>r shouldn't the acceleration be smaller as well?


Homework Equations





The Attempt at a Solution

 
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I'm having trouble wrapping my mind around that Torque approach. It seems to me the torque would depend on the angle of the ramp in a complicated way. Still, the higher the moment of inertia, the smaller the acceleration.

It seems much clearer to me from an energy point of view. You might try beginning with
Energy at top of ramp = energy at bottom of ramp
putting in ½mv² + ½Iω² for the bottom where it has both translational and rotational kinetic energy. There is, of course, a relationship between v and ω so you can simplify to one speed variable.
I think you are missing a ² in your expression for moment of inertia. Note also that it depends on whether the sphere is solid or hollow.
 

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