General relativity breaks down at Planck scale

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Discussion Overview

The discussion revolves around the assertion that general relativity (GR) breaks down at the Planck scale, exploring both theoretical implications and the nature of quantum gravity (QG). Participants examine the reasons behind this claim, the significance of the Planck scale, and the relationship between GR and quantum mechanics (QM).

Discussion Character

  • Debate/contested
  • Exploratory
  • Technical explanation
  • Conceptual clarification

Main Points Raised

  • Some participants suggest that the breakdown of GR at the Planck scale is primarily a theoretical conclusion based on mathematical reasoning.
  • There is a call for clarification on how quantum effects become significant at the Planck scale, with some arguing that dimensional analysis provides insight into the relationship between quantum mechanics and general relativity.
  • Wheeler's concept of "quantum foam" is discussed, with some participants noting it as a speculative idea rather than an established theorem, while others challenge the implications of this concept for the structure of spacetime.
  • One participant mentions that quantum general relativity is effective at low energies but may not be perturbatively renormalizable at high energies, leaving open the possibility that it could be non-perturbatively renormalizable.
  • There is a discussion about the assumptions underlying the idea that GR and QM are inconsistent, with some suggesting that the Planck scale is the only scale derived from fundamental physical constants.
  • Some participants express skepticism about the interpretation of quantum foam and its implications for topology, suggesting that it may not simply represent a difficult topology but rather a more fundamental change in the nature of spacetime.
  • Others propose that the Planck scale might not be the only relevant scale for quantum gravity, referencing the need for further exploration of theories beyond current understanding.

Areas of Agreement / Disagreement

Participants do not reach a consensus on the nature of the breakdown of GR at the Planck scale, with multiple competing views and ongoing debates about the implications of quantum foam, the significance of the Planck scale, and the relationship between GR and QM.

Contextual Notes

Limitations in the discussion include unresolved assumptions about the nature of spacetime at the Planck scale, the dependence on definitions of quantum gravity, and the lack of experimental evidence to support various claims.

  • #31
In Engineering, dimensional analysis is exactly what Jesse described - by keeping track of the units you can check the vaidity of both sides of an equation, and quickly spot an error - some of the literature regarding Planck units has appropriated the term "dimensional analysis' - but it is actually a case of "dimensional inference"
 
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  • #32
yogi said:
In Engineering, dimensional analysis is exactly what Jesse described - by keeping track of the units you can check the vaidity of both sides of an equation, and quickly spot an error - some of the literature regarding Planck units has appropriated the term "dimensional analysis' - but it is actually a case of "dimensional inference"
We teach that to physics students as well. But that is just the lowest level of using dimensional information. Often physicists just refer to that as "checking units". It is a useful tool to find where an error occurred in a calculation.

What I described above though: learning the form of the answer and learning the important scales, I believe are what is fully meant by dimensional analysis. At least there are some professors at my university that use it as such, as well as that book I mentioned earlier (which didn't discuss general relativity at all, it was a book on phase transitions).
 
  • #33
Thanks for the explanation Justin. I think you may be right that I was posing a false dichotomy, the notion of "dimensional analysis" you're describing does involve some physical intuitions such as the choice of "relevant" parameters, and also general ideas like the notion that quantum gravity should have a characteristic length scale (whereas it doesn't have a characteristic mass scale), but it comes short of more detailed physical arguments.
 
  • #34
JesseM said:
Thanks for the explanation Justin. I think you may be right that I was posing a false dichotomy, the notion of "dimensional analysis" you're describing does involve some physical intuitions such as the choice of "relevant" parameters, and also general ideas like the notion that quantum gravity should have a characteristic length scale (whereas it doesn't have a characteristic mass scale), but it comes short of more detailed physical arguments.

The same 3 constants (G, C and h) also lead to a unit of mass - are you saying its ok to ignor the mass that falls out of the combination as meaningless - but not the length
 
  • #35
yogi said:
The same 3 constants (G, C and h) also lead to a unit of mass - are you saying its ok to ignor the mass that falls out of the combination as meaningless - but not the length
No, not saying the Planck mass is meaningless, but it would be a mistake to think that quantum gravity is needed anytime you are analyzing a system with less mass than the Planck mass (though you do if the mass is compressed down to around the Planck length), whereas quantum gravity would be needed anytime you're analyzing interactions on the scale of the Planck length or Planck time--that's exactly what I meant when I said you still needed some basic physical intuitions to do dimensional analysis, even if you don't need detailed physical arguments.
 

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