Going from Cauchy Stress Tensor to GR's Energy Momentum Tensor

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Discussion Overview

The discussion revolves around the relationship between the Cauchy Stress Tensor and the Energy Momentum Tensor in the context of General Relativity (GR). Participants explore the similarities in their SI units, the dimensional implications of time in the Energy Momentum Tensor, and the mathematical transformations between the two tensors.

Discussion Character

  • Technical explanation
  • Debate/contested

Main Points Raised

  • Some participants question why the Cauchy Stress Tensor and the Energy Momentum Tensor share the same SI units, suggesting that the addition of time as a dimension should alter the units of the Energy Momentum Tensor.
  • Others assert that the units of stress (force per unit area) and energy density (energy per unit volume) are equivalent, thus explaining the shared units.
  • There is a claim that no mathematical operation can transform the Cauchy Stress Tensor into the Energy Momentum Tensor, as they are fundamentally different tensors existing in different dimensional spaces.
  • Some participants express skepticism about whether Einstein began with the Cauchy Tensor when developing the field equations of GR, with others stating that he did not.
  • A participant notes that in relativistic physics, the Cauchy Stress Tensor corresponds to the space-space components of the Energy Momentum Tensor, while the time-time component represents energy density.
  • It is mentioned that solutions to the Einstein equations require simultaneous solutions to the equations of motion for matter, linking the mechanical energy momentum tensor to the consistency of GR solutions.

Areas of Agreement / Disagreement

Participants express differing views on the relationship and transformation between the Cauchy Stress Tensor and the Energy Momentum Tensor, with no consensus reached on whether Einstein utilized the Cauchy Tensor in his work on GR.

Contextual Notes

The discussion includes assumptions about the dimensionality of tensors and their implications for physical interpretations, which remain unresolved. The relationship between mechanical energy momentum tensors and the Einstein equations is also noted but not fully explored.

Luai
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TL;DR
Is there a mathematical operation that transforms the Cauchy Stress Tensor to the Energy Momentum Tensor? If the former lives in 3D and latter lives in 4D, how come they have the same units?
  1. Why do the Cauchy Stress Tensor & the Energy Momentum Tensor have the same SI units? Shouldn't adding time as a dimension changes the Energy Momentum Tensor's units?
  2. Did Einstein start with the Cauchy Tensor when he started working on the right hand side of the field equations of GR?
  3. If so, What tensor operation(s) would transform the 3D Cauchy Tensor into the 4D Energy Momentum Tensor of GR?
 
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@Luai I have edited your post to remove the bold. There is no need to put an entire post in bold.
 
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Luai said:
Is there a mathematical operation that transforms the Cauchy Stress Tensor to the Energy Momentum Tensor?
No. They are two different tensors.

Luai said:
If the former lives in 3D and latter lives in 4D, how come they have the same units?
The units of stress are the same as the units of energy density. Stress is force per unit area. Energy density is energy per unit volume, i.e., (force x distance) / (area x distance), i.e., the same as force per unit area.

Luai said:
Shouldn't adding time as a dimension changes the Energy Momentum Tensor's units?
No. Why would it?

Luai said:
Did Einstein start with the Cauchy Tensor when he started working on the right hand side of the field equations of GR?
No.
 
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In relativistic physics, the "Cauchy stress tensor" form the space-space components of the energy-momentum tensor. The time-time component is the energy density and the time-space components are the momentum density (times ##c##).

The interesting thing with GR is that when you take the "mechanical energy momentum tensor" (ideal/viscous fluids, elastic bodies,...) on the right-hand side if you have a solution of the Einstein equations, due to the Bianchi identities the equations of motion for the matter, which is given by ##\vec{\nabla}_{\mu} T^{\mu \nu}=0## is automatically fulfilled, i.e., you can get a fully consistent solution of the Einstein equations only if you simultaneously solve the mechanics equations of motion for the matter.

A very nice treatment of all this can be found in

D. E. Soper, Classical Field Theory
 
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