Gradient Divergence of Nabla Operator Defined

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SUMMARY

The discussion centers on the mathematical definition of the Nabla operator and its application in calculating divergence in non-Cartesian coordinate systems. The Nabla operator is expressed as \nabla = \sum^3_{i=1} \frac{1}{h_i}\frac{\partial}{\partial q_i}\vec{e}_{q_i}, where q_i are generalized coordinates and h_i are Lame coefficients. A common mistake arises when applying the divergence operator, leading to confusion about the interaction between the unit vectors and the derivatives. The correct formulation emphasizes that the derivative does not operate on the unit vectors or Lame coefficients, clarifying the calculation of divergence.

PREREQUISITES
  • Understanding of Nabla operator in vector calculus
  • Familiarity with Lame coefficients in differential geometry
  • Knowledge of generalized coordinates (spherical polar, cylindrical)
  • Basic principles of divergence in vector fields
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  • Study the mathematical properties of Lame coefficients in various coordinate systems
  • Learn about the application of divergence in non-Cartesian coordinates
  • Explore the derivation of divergence using the Nabla operator in vector calculus
  • Investigate the implications of unit vector functions in differential geometry
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Mathematicians, physicists, and engineers working with vector calculus, particularly in fields involving differential geometry and fluid dynamics.

LagrangeEuler
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Nabla operator is defined by

\nabla = \sum^3_{i=1} \frac{1}{h_i}\frac{\partial}{\partial q_i}\vec{e}_{q_i}
where ##q_i## are generalized coordinates (spherical polar, cylindrical...) and ##h_i## are Lame coefficients. Why then
div(\vec{A})=\sum^3_{i=1} \frac{1}{h_i}\frac{\partial}{\partial q_i}\vec{e}_{q_i} \cdot \sum_j A_j\vec{e}_{q_j}=\sum_i\frac{1}{h_i}\frac{\partial}{\partial q_i}A_i
where I am making the mistake?
here is different definition.
https://www.jfoadi.me.uk/documents/lecture_mathphys2_05.pdf
 
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The unit vectors are generally functions of position; only in cartesian coordinates are they constants. This is why we generally write <br /> \nabla = \sum_i \mathbf{e}_i h_i^{-1} \partial_i to make it clear that the derivative does not operate on \mathbf{e}_i or h_i. However for divergence we get <br /> \sum_i \mathbf{e}_i h_i^{-1} \partial_i \cdot \left( \sum_j A_j \mathbf{e}_j \right) =<br /> \sum_i \sum_j \mathbf{e}_i h_i^{-1} \cdot \left( A_j \partial_i\mathbf{e}_j + \mathbf{e}_j \partial_i A_j \right)
 
Thanks a lot. It makes sense of course. What is the easiest way to calculate ##A_j \partial_i \vec{e}_j##? How to write that in order to get real expression of divergence with the Lame coefficients and derivatives.
 

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