Grouping & Multiplying 4x4 Matrices: A Quick Guide

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Grouping and multiplying 4x4 matrices can be effectively simplified by breaking them down into 2x2 matrices. The provided multiplication formula for 2x2 matrices is correct and allows for faster calculations. It is crucial to ensure that the matrices are compatible for multiplication, meaning the number of columns in the first matrix must equal the number of rows in the second. Additionally, the order of multiplication is significant and should be carefully considered. Following these guidelines makes this method a valid and efficient approach to handling larger matrices.
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Some big matrix, like 4x4 ones, can be written as groups of 2x2 matrices.

For example,
H = \left(\begin{array}{cccc}1 & 0 & 1 & 0\\0 & 1 & 0 & 1\\1 & 0 & 1 & 0\\0 & 1 & 0 & 1\end{array}\right) = \left(\begin{array}{cc}1 & 1\\1 & 1\end{array}\right)
where the 1 in the last matrix represents a 2x2 identity matrix.

I just want to know how to deal with this algebra the right way, and fast.
If A, B, C, D, W, X, Y, and Z are 2x2 matrices.

\left(\begin{array}{cc}A & B\\C & D\end{array}\right) \left(\begin{array}{cc}W & X\\Y & Z\end{array}\right) = \left(\begin{array}{cc}(AW+BY) & (AX+BZ)\\(CW+DY) & (CX+DZ)\end{array}\right)

Is this right?
 
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Yes, this is correct. Grouping and multiplying 4x4 matrices can be simplified by breaking them down into 2x2 matrices and using the formula you have provided. This can make the calculation process faster and more efficient. However, it is important to make sure that the matrices are compatible for multiplication (i.e. the number of columns in the first matrix must equal the number of rows in the second matrix). Additionally, the order of multiplication matters, so it is important to pay attention to the order in which the matrices are multiplied. As long as these guidelines are followed, this method is a valid and efficient way to deal with larger matrices.
 
The book claims the answer is that all the magnitudes are the same because "the gravitational force on the penguin is the same". I'm having trouble understanding this. I thought the buoyant force was equal to the weight of the fluid displaced. Weight depends on mass which depends on density. Therefore, due to the differing densities the buoyant force will be different in each case? Is this incorrect?

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