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Calculus and Beyond Homework Help
Having all subgroups normal is isomorphism invariant
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[QUOTE="Mr Davis 97, post: 6058187, member: 515461"] [h2]Homework Statement [/h2] A group is called Hamiltonian if every subgroup of the group is a normal subgroup. Prove that being Hamiltonian is an isomorphism invariant. [h2]Homework Equations[/h2][h2]The Attempt at a Solution[/h2] Let ##f## be an isomorphism from ##G## to ##H## and let ##N \le H##. First we prove two lemmas: Lemma 1): If ##f^{-1}(N) \le G## then ##N \le H##. Let ##a,b \in N##. Then since ##f## is surjective, ##a=f(x)## and ##b=f(y)## for some ##x,y \in f^{-1}(N)##. Then ##ab^{-1} = f(x)f(y)^{-1} = f(xy^{-1}) \implies xy^{-1} = f^{-1}(ab^{-1})##. In the previous step we used the fact that ##f## is a homomorphism and that ##f## is injective. Now, since ##x,y \in f^{-1}(N)## and ##f^{-1}(N)## is a subgroup, we have that ##xy^{-1} \in f^{-1}(N)##. So ##f^{-1}(ab^{-1} \in f^{-1}(N)##. By definition of the preimage, this means that ##f(f^{-1}(ab^{-1})) \in N \implies ab^{-1} \in N##. So ##N \le H##. Lemma 2): If ##f^{-1}(N) \trianglelefteq G## then ##N \trianglelefteq H##. Here we use lemma 2 and suppose that ##N \le H##. We want to show that ##\forall h \in H##, ##hNh^{-1} \subseteq N##. So, let ##h\in H## and ##n \in N##. Since ##f## is surjective, ##h = f(y)## for some ##y \in G## and ##n=f(x)## for some ##x \in f^{-1}(N)##. Then ##hnh^{-1} = f(y)f(x)f(y)^{-1} = f(xyx^{-1}) \implies yxy^{-1} = f^{-1}(hnh^{-1})##. But ##f^{-1}(N) \trianglelefteq G##, so ##yxy^{-1} \in f^{-1}(N)##. Hence ##f^{-1}(hnh^{-1}) \in f^{-1}(N)##. By definition of the preimage, this implies that ##hnh^{-1} \in N##. We conclude that ##N \trianglelefteq H##. Finally, we prove the main result, that if all of the subgroups of ##G## are normal, and if ##G## is isomorphic to ##H##, then all of the subgroups of ##H## are normal. Let ##N## be a subgroup of ##H##. We know that the preimage of a subgroup is also a subgroup, so ##f^{-1}(N) \le G##. But all of the subgroups of ##G## are normal, so ##f^{-1}(N) \trianglelefteq G##. By lemma 2, we then know that ##N \trianglelefteq H##, and we are done. NOTE: Perhaps this argument would have been easier if I supposed that ##f : H \to G## were the isomorphism. [/QUOTE]
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Having all subgroups normal is isomorphism invariant
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