Heat Transfer: Conduction vs. Convection vs. Radiation

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SUMMARY

The discussion centers on the principles of heat transfer, specifically the mechanisms of conduction, convection, and radiation. It establishes that while heat transfer through conduction and convection typically occurs from hot to cold, radiation allows for heat transfer from cold to hot under specific conditions, as described by the Stefan-Boltzmann law. The conversation highlights that both bodies emit photons, and the net energy transfer is influenced by their temperatures. The concept of Maxwell's demon is referenced to illustrate the theoretical possibility of heat flow from cold to hot, although it requires work input to occur spontaneously.

PREREQUISITES
  • Understanding of the Stefan-Boltzmann law
  • Familiarity with electromagnetic radiation principles
  • Basic knowledge of thermodynamics
  • Concept of Maxwell's demon in thermodynamic discussions
NEXT STEPS
  • Research the Stefan-Boltzmann law and its applications in heat transfer
  • Explore the principles of electromagnetic radiation and its interaction with matter
  • Study thermodynamic laws related to heat transfer and work input
  • Investigate the implications of Maxwell's demon in thermodynamic systems
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Students of physics, engineers in thermal management, researchers in thermodynamics, and anyone interested in the principles of heat transfer and energy dynamics.

jobyts
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As I remember learning in school, heat cannot flow from cold to hot. But isn't that true only for conduction and convection? Radiation heat is purely Infrared waves, and there should not be any issue with that. Please correct if I am wrong.
 
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Every object radiates EM energy. When it's infrared radiation, we call it radiant heat.If two bodies are at different temperatures, and both are emitting mainly infrared which is incident on the other, then in general the colder body will receive more radiation than it emits, and thus heat up, even though it's also emitting heat rays which are being absorbed by the hotter body. (Shapes have also to be taken into account.)

But if their temperatures are widely different, then which one heats up may depend on other factors, because the main radiation may not be in the infrared band.
 
Cue the perpetuum mobile using Faraday isolator...
 
Heat an most definitely flow from cold to hot. That's what a refrigerator does after all -_-

The thing is, it will not flow in such a manner spontaneously.
Heat cannot flow from cold to hot without work input.
 
It has never been observed not to flow from hot to cold but there is no law that says it cannot
 
MrXow said:
It has never been observed not to flow from hot to cold but there is no law that says it cannot
You are correct. However, the odds of that happening are very very very small.
 
like 10^-54
 
The OP is asking about radiant heat. Read his query.
 
  • #10
Shooting star said:
The OP is asking about radiant heat. Read his query.
Yes, so let's answer it:

Radiation between a cold and a hot object involves both objects radiating photons towards each other, but since the hot object is hotter, it radiates more (via the Stefan-Boltzmann law) and the net energy transfer is from the hot object to the cold one. How much is determined by plugging both temperatures into the equation.
 
  • #12
russ_watters said:
Yes, so let's answer it:

Radiation between a cold and a hot object involves both objects radiating photons towards each other, but since the hot object is hotter, it radiates more (via the Stefan-Boltzmann law) and the net energy transfer is from the hot object to the cold one. How much is determined by plugging both temperatures into the equation.

I have already given an answer in my first reply.

What if the colder body transparent to infra-red, which the hotter body mostly emits?
 

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