Heisenberg Microscope: Exploring Single Photon Diffraction

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Discussion Overview

The discussion revolves around the Heisenberg Microscope thought experiment, specifically focusing on the implications of using a single photon to observe an electron and the resulting diffraction pattern. Participants explore the theoretical aspects of photon behavior in relation to uncertainty principles in quantum mechanics.

Discussion Character

  • Exploratory
  • Debate/contested
  • Conceptual clarification

Main Points Raised

  • One participant questions how a single photon can create a diffraction figure, suggesting that it may not be possible.
  • Another participant asserts that a single photon cannot create a diffraction pattern, but a succession of many single photons can.
  • A later reply introduces the idea that while a single photon can be argued to create a diffraction pattern, its interpretation changes significantly in quantum mechanics, where the pattern represents probabilities rather than deterministic outcomes.
  • Participants reference various sources to clarify their understanding of the Heisenberg Microscope and the uncertainty principle, indicating potential misunderstandings in the explanations they encountered.

Areas of Agreement / Disagreement

Participants express disagreement regarding the ability of a single photon to create a diffraction pattern, with some arguing it cannot while others suggest it can but with a different interpretation in quantum mechanics. The discussion remains unresolved on this point.

Contextual Notes

There are limitations in the assumptions made about the behavior of single photons and the definitions of diffraction patterns in both classical and quantum contexts. The discussion highlights the complexity of interpreting experimental results in quantum mechanics.

Axel Togawa
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TL;DR
diffraction pattern generated in the thought experiment of Heisenberg
In the thought experiment proposed by Heisenberg, a single photon is scattered by the electron that we want to observe, and entering the microscope lens (the photon), it will create a diffraction pattern that gives the uncertainty on the position according to the law of optics. I wanted to ask how the single photon could create a diffraction figure?
 
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Axel Togawa said:
I wanted to ask how the single photon could create a diffraction figure?
It can't, not if you're considering a single photon.

Threads like this are the reason Physics Forums generally encourages people to include the sources that they've using. Without knowing that, we have no way of knowing whether you've misunderstood the explanation or the explanation was bad. So if you could tell us more about your starting point, you'll get more and more helpful answers.
 
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A single photon will not create a diffraction pattern. Your links don't say that either.

A succession of many single photons can create a diffraction pattern.
 
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Ok thank you fro the answer
 
You can well argue with a single photon. It's only the meaning of the diffraction pattern which changes in a "revolutionary way". The diffraction pattern is of course a "wave phenomenon", i.e., it occurs when using classical em. waves or many single photons.

The important "revolutionary" change between classical electromagnetism and quantum electrodynamics is the meaning of this diffraction pattern when considering the case of a single photon: According to the Born rule of quantum theory the diffraction pattern depicts the probability of the single photon to hit the screen at a given place. The uncertainty of the position of the electron using a single photon is due to the randomness of the position where this photon is detected, i.e., you cannot trace back in a one-to-one connection the position of the electron which scattered the photon from the place where the photon was detected.
 

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